Ultra-strength and anti-freezing zwitterionic hydrogels with high ion conductivity: Effect of the hydrophobic monomer in hydrogels mechanical properties

IF 5 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING
Hatam Najafi Fath Dehghan , Amir Abdolmaleki , Mehdi Pourahmadi , Sepideh Hozori , Ehsan Gaeini , Seyed Younes Mousavi , Amir-Reza Arvaneh , Mehdi Sadat-Shojai
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Abstract

Zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as a promising option due to their remarkable ionic conductivity. However, these hydrogels often suffer from poor mechanical properties due to their super hydrophilicity. Herein, we propose the use of a rigid aryl imidazolium monomer (AIm) for crosslinking with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to create a unique zwitterion hydrogel. Chlorosulfonic acid acts as an agent to introduce anionic groups, facilitating the transfer of Zn2⁺ ions in zwitterionic hydrogel. We achieve extraordinary mechanical properties by incorporating an optimal amount of AIm into the PZW2 hydrogel (tensile stress 0.9 MPa and stretch 1400 %). Above all, the PZW2 hydrogel exhibits remarkable resistance to freezing, remaining unfrozen even at up to −80 °C. This anti-freezing property is attributed to the cation-dipole interactions and the presence of ZnCl2, effectively preventing water from freezing within the hydrogel structure. Furthermore, the PZW2 hydrogel demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 4.34 S m−1 at room temperature. This can be attributed to the presence of anionic and cationic charges within the PZW2 hydrogel, which facilitates the transfer of ions through a hopping mechanism. The PZW2 hydrogel demonstrates better performance compared to most antifreeze conductive hydrogels. At −20 °C, it achieves an impressive ionic conductivity of 2.73 S m−1 and retains outstanding mechanical characteristics with a stretchability of 1000 %. Ultimately, the PZW2 hydrogel demonstrates a sensitive response performance with a gauge factor of 1.59, making it highly suitable for potential sensor applications.

Abstract Image

具有高离子传导性的超强度抗冻齐聚物水凝胶:疏水单体对水凝胶机械性能的影响
由于具有显著的离子传导性,两性离子水凝胶已成为一种很有前景的选择。然而,这些水凝胶往往因其超亲水性而具有较差的机械性能。在此,我们建议使用刚性芳基咪唑单体(AIm)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)交联,从而制造出一种独特的齐聚物水凝胶。氯磺酸可作为引入阴离子基团的媒介,促进 Zn2⁺离子在齐聚物水凝胶中的转移。通过在 PZW2 水凝胶中加入最适量的 AIm,我们获得了非凡的机械性能(拉伸应力为 0.9 兆帕,拉伸率为 1400%)。最重要的是,PZW2 水凝胶具有卓越的抗冻性,即使在零下 80 °C 的环境中也不会冻结。这种抗冻特性归功于阳离子-偶极相互作用和 ZnCl2 的存在,从而有效地防止了水凝胶结构中的水结冰。此外,PZW2 水凝胶在室温下的离子电导率高达 4.34 S m-1。这可归因于 PZW2 水凝胶中存在阴离子和阳离子电荷,从而通过跳跃机制促进了离子的转移。与大多数防冻导电水凝胶相比,PZW2 水凝胶具有更好的性能。在零下 20 °C,它的离子导电率达到了惊人的 2.73 S m-1,并保持了出色的机械特性,伸展性高达 1000%。最终,PZW2 水凝胶的灵敏响应性能达到了 1.59,非常适合传感器的潜在应用。
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来源期刊
Polymer Testing
Polymer Testing 工程技术-材料科学:表征与测试
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
5.90%
发文量
328
审稿时长
44 days
期刊介绍: Polymer Testing focuses on the testing, analysis and characterization of polymer materials, including both synthetic and natural or biobased polymers. Novel testing methods and the testing of novel polymeric materials in bulk, solution and dispersion is covered. In addition, we welcome the submission of the testing of polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and industrial products as well as nanoscale characterization. The scope includes but is not limited to the following main topics: Novel testing methods and Chemical analysis • mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, imaging, spectroscopy, scattering and rheology Physical properties and behaviour of novel polymer systems • nanoscale properties, morphology, transport properties Degradation and recycling of polymeric materials when combined with novel testing or characterization methods • degradation, biodegradation, ageing and fire retardancy Modelling and Simulation work will be only considered when it is linked to new or previously published experimental results.
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