The Role of Benthic Fluxes in Acidifying the Bottom Waters in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone Based on an Updated Water Column Biogeochemical-Seabed Diagenetic and Sediment Transport Model

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Dongxiao Yin, Linlin Cui, Courtney K. Harris, Julia M. Moriarty, Hannah Beck, Kanchan Maiti
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Abstract

The seabed and the water column are tightly coupled in shallow coastal environments. Numerical models of seabed-water interaction provide an alternative to observational studies that require concurrent measurements in both compartments, which are hard to obtain and rarely available. Here, we present a coupled model that includes water column biogeochemistry, seabed diagenesis, sediment transport and hydrodynamics. Our model includes realistic representations of biogeochemical reactions in both seabed and water column, and fluxes at their interface. The model was built on algorithms for seabed-water exchange in the Regional Ocean Modeling System and expanded to include carbonate chemistry in seabed. The updated model was tested for two sites where benthic flux and porewater concentration measurements were available in the northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. The calibrated model reproduced the porewater concentration-depth profiles and benthic fluxes of O2, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), TAlk, NO3 and NH4. We used the calibrated model to explore the role of benthic fluxes in acidifying bottom water during fair weather and resuspension periods. Under fair weather conditions, model results indicated that bio-diffusion in sediment, labile material input and sediment porosity have a large control on the importance of benthic flux to bottom water acidification. During resuspension, the model indicated that bottom water acidification would be enhanced due to the sharp increase of the DIC/TAlk ratio of benthic fluxes. To conclude, our model reproduced the seabed-water column exchange of biologically important solutes and can be used for quantifying the role of benthic fluxes in driving bottom water acidification over continental shelves.

Abstract Image

基于更新的水柱生物地球化学-海底成因和沉积物迁移模型的底栖通量在墨西哥湾北部缺氧区底层水酸化中的作用
在浅海沿岸环境中,海床和水体是紧密耦合的。海床与水体相互作用的数值模式为观测研究提供了一个替代方案,因为观测研究需要同时对这两个分区进行测量,而这两个分区都很难获得,也很少有观测资料。在这里,我们提出了一个包括水体生物地球化学、海底成岩作用、沉积物运移和水动力在内的耦合模型。我们的模型包括海床和水柱中生物地球化学反应的现实表示,以及它们界面上的通量。该模型以区域海洋模拟系统中的海底-水体交换算法为基础,并扩展到海底碳酸盐化学反应。更新后的模型在墨西哥湾北部缺氧区两个有海底通量和孔隙水浓度测量数据的地点进行了测试。校准后的模型再现了孔隙水浓度-深度剖面以及底栖通量中的氧气、溶解无机碳(DIC)、TAlk、NO3 和 NH4。我们利用校准模型探讨了底栖生物通量在晴朗天气和再悬浮期间对底层水酸化的作用。在晴朗天气条件下,模型结果表明,沉积物中的生物扩散、可溶性物质输入和沉积物孔隙度对底栖生物通量对底层水酸化的重要性有很大的控制作用。在再悬浮过程中,由于底栖生物通量的 DIC/TAlk 比率急剧增加,模型显示底层水酸化会加剧。总之,我们的模型再现了海底-水柱重要生物溶质的交换,可用于量化底栖通量在驱动大陆架底层水酸化中的作用。
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来源期刊
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
11.80%
发文量
241
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is committed to advancing the science of Earth systems modeling by offering high-quality scientific research through online availability and open access licensing. JAMES invites authors and readers from the international Earth systems modeling community. Open access. Articles are available free of charge for everyone with Internet access to view and download. Formal peer review. Supplemental material, such as code samples, images, and visualizations, is published at no additional charge. No additional charge for color figures. Modest page charges to cover production costs. Articles published in high-quality full text PDF, HTML, and XML. Internal and external reference linking, DOI registration, and forward linking via CrossRef.
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