Tillage and cover cropping influence phosphorus dynamics in soil and water pools

IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY
Harpreet Kaur, Gurbir Singh, Karl Williard, Jon Schoonover, Kelly A. Nelson, Gurpreet Kaur
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Abstract

Winter cover crops (CCs) have the potential to reduce phosphorus (P) loss by temporarily fixing P into CC biomass. A field experiment with no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) was used to study the ability of different CC species planted after corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) harvests to reduce the P availability in soil solution. The effect of three crop rotations (corn–no CC–soybean–no CC [C–S], corn–cereal rye (Secale cereale)–soybean–hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) [C–R–S–HV], corn–cereal rye–soybean–oats (Avena sativa)+ radish (Raphanus sativus L.) [C–R–S–OR]) and two tillage (NT and CT) treatments was determined on soil available P and soil solution P content through pan (A horizon) and tension (100-cm depth) cup lysimeters. The experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design with tillage as a split factor with three replicates. Over the study period, incorporating hairy vetch in C–R–S–HV rotation reduced the Mehlich-3 P content in soil by 26%–29% compared to the C–S and C–R–S–OR rotation. Both CC rotations (C–R–S–HV and C–R–S–OR) were effective in reducing dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration in pan and tension cup lysimeters compared to the C–S in both CT and NT systems. However, these results varied with CC species grown and seasonal variability in precipitation. A significantly lower DRP load with crop rotation and tillage treatments was observed mainly during the CC growing season. During the study period, crop rotations with reduced labile soil P content and DRP loss were ranked in an order of C–R–S–HV > C–R–S–OR > C–S. Overall, this study showed that CCs have the potential in both CT and NT systems to significantly reduce P in soil and soil solution, and these effects are resilient to a wide range of precipitation conditions.

Abstract Image

耕作和覆盖种植影响土壤和水池中磷的动态变化
冬季覆盖作物(CC)可将磷暂时固定在CC生物量中,从而减少磷的流失。一项采用免耕(NT)和常规耕作(CT)的田间试验被用来研究在玉米(Zea mays L.)和大豆(Glycine max L.)收获后种植的不同CC品种降低土壤溶液中可利用磷的能力。三种作物轮作(玉米-无 CC-大豆-无 CC [C-S]、玉米-黑麦(Secale cereale)-大豆-毛薇菜(Vicia villosa)[C-R-S-HV]、玉米-黑麦-大豆-燕麦(Avena sativa)+萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.C-R-S-OR])和两种耕作(NT 和 CT)处理对土壤可利用钾和土壤溶液钾含量的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计,以耕作为分割因子,设三个重复。在研究期间,与 C-S 和 C-R-S-OR 轮作相比,在 C-R-S-HV 轮作中种植毛茸茸的 vetch 可使土壤中的 Mehlich-3 P 含量减少 26%-29%。在 CT 和 NT 系统中,与 C-S 轮作相比,CC 轮作(C-R-S-HV 和 C-R-S-OR)都能有效降低盘式和张力杯式溶液池中的溶解性活性磷(DRP)浓度。然而,这些结果随种植的 CC 种类和降水的季节性变化而变化。主要在 CC 生长季节,轮作和耕作处理的 DRP 负荷明显降低。在研究期间,轮作减少了土壤中的易失性 P 含量和 DRP 损失,轮作顺序为 C-R-S-HV > C-R-S-OR > C-S。总之,这项研究表明,在CT和NT系统中,CC都有可能显著减少土壤和土壤溶液中的钾,而且这些效果能够适应各种降水条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
80
审稿时长
24 weeks
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