Connections Between Sub-Cloud Coherent Updrafts and the Life Cycle of Maritime Shallow Cumulus Clouds in Large Eddy Simulation

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Jian-Feng Gu, Robert S. Plant, Christopher E. Holloway
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Abstract

We develop a novel approach to detect cloud-subcloud coupling during the cloud life cycle and analyze a large eddy simulation of marine shallow cumulus based on the Barbados oceanographic and meteorological experiment campaign. Our results demonstrate how the activity of sub-cloud coherent updrafts (SCUs) affect the evolution of shallow cloud properties during their life cycles, from triggering to development, and through to dissipation. Most clouds ( 80 % ) $(\sim 80\%)$ are related to SCUs during their lifetime but not every SCU ( 20 % ${\sim} 20\%$ for short-lived ones) leads to cloud formation. The fastest growing SCUs in a relatively moist region are most likely to initiate clouds. The evolution of cloud base mass-flux depends on cloud lifetime. Compared with short-lived clouds, longer lived clouds have longer periods of development, even normalized by the full lifetime, and tend to increase their cloud base mass-flux to a stronger maximum. This is consistent with the evolution of mass flux near the top of SCU, indicating that the development of clouds is closely related to the sub-cloud activity. When the SCUs decay and detach from the lifting condensation level, the corresponding cloud base starts to rise, signifying the start of cloud dissipation, during which the cloud top lowers to approach the rising cloud base. Previous studies have described similar conceptual pieces of this relationship but here we provide a continuous framework to cover all the stages of cloud-subcloud coupling. Our findings provide quantitative evidence to supplement the conceptual model of shallow cloud life cycle and is critical to improve the steady-state assumption in parameterization.

Abstract Image

大涡模拟中子云相干上升气流与海上浅积云生命周期之间的联系
我们开发了一种新方法来检测云生命周期中的云-子云耦合,并分析了基于巴巴多斯海洋和气象实验活动的海洋浅积云大涡模拟。我们的研究结果表明了云下相干上升气流(SCUs)的活动如何影响浅层云从触发、发展到消散的生命周期中的特性演变。大多数云(∼ 80 % )在其生命周期内都与SCU有关,但并不是每个SCU(∼ 20 % ${\sim} 20\%$ 为短寿命的SCU)都会导致云的形成。在相对湿润的区域中,生长最快的 SCU 最有可能引发云。云基质量通量的演变取决于云的寿命。与寿命较短的云相比,寿命较长的云具有较长的发展期,即使按整个寿命来归一化也是如此,并倾向于将其云基质量通量增加到更强的最大值。这与 SCU 顶部附近质量通量的演变相一致,表明云的发展与子云的活动密切相关。当 SCU 衰减并脱离上升凝结层时,相应的云基开始上升,标志着云开始消散,在此期间云顶降低以接近上升的云基。以前的研究描述了这种关系的类似概念片段,但在这里我们提供了一个连续的框架,涵盖了云-子云耦合的所有阶段。我们的研究结果为补充浅层云生命周期的概念模型提供了定量证据,对于改进参数化中的稳态假设至关重要。
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来源期刊
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
11.80%
发文量
241
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is committed to advancing the science of Earth systems modeling by offering high-quality scientific research through online availability and open access licensing. JAMES invites authors and readers from the international Earth systems modeling community. Open access. Articles are available free of charge for everyone with Internet access to view and download. Formal peer review. Supplemental material, such as code samples, images, and visualizations, is published at no additional charge. No additional charge for color figures. Modest page charges to cover production costs. Articles published in high-quality full text PDF, HTML, and XML. Internal and external reference linking, DOI registration, and forward linking via CrossRef.
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