Changes monitoring in Hongjiannao Lake from 1987 to 2023 using Google Earth Engine and analysis of climatic and anthropogenic forces

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2024.103756

Md. Enamul Huq , Xijun Wu , Akib Javed , Ying Dong , Bingbing Li , David Lopez-Carr , Jiang Wu , Jing Liu , Yaning Zhang , Fanping Zhang , Muhammad Riaz , Md. Nazirul Islam Sarker , Walid Soufan , Khalid F. Almutairi , Aqil Tariq

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The research aimed to quantify the lake area dynamics, evaluate the changes in distance and rate of lake shorelines quantitatively and spatially and investigate the key factors influencing the Hongjiannao Lake (HL) area shrinkage. The study used remote sensing (RS) data from Landsat TM/ETM+ and OLI images and Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud platform for obtaining the lake surface area and island information from 1987 to 2023. A modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was applied to water area extraction. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was employed to assess net shoreline movement (NSM) and depict the lake shoreline length and rate changes. Furthermore, the water level was derived by ASTER GDEM V2 using the waterline method and lake boundaries. Six climatic features (temperature, precipitation, potential and actual evaporation, aridity index, and actual water difference) were investigated to find the driving factors of lake area shrinkage by correlation and factor analysis. The results reveal that during 1987–2023, the HL area has undergone four separate phases: stable (1987–1997), shrinkage (1998–2015), growth (2016–2019), and reduction (2020–2023). The most substantial negative change (−7.45%) in the HL area was observed in 1998. NSM analysis demonstrates that the lake has experienced both expansion and shrinkage at various times and locations. According to Water Balance Method, the water volume of HL exhibited variations, ranging from −0.1895 to −0.009 km³. The average yearly change in lake volume, water level, and area displayed similar characteristics with high inconstancy. Correlation and factor analysis of lake area and climatic factors demonstrate that higher precipitation, low temperatures, less potential evaporation level, lower actual evaporation rates, and more minor differences in water levels are associated with an increase in lake area. In contrast, the opposite conditions lead to a reduction in lake size.

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利用谷歌地球引擎监测红碱淖湖 1987-2023 年的变化并分析气候和人为因素

该研究旨在量化湖泊面积动态变化，从定量和空间上评价湖泊岸线距离和速率的变化，并探究影响红碱淖湖面积缩小的关键因素。研究利用 Landsat TM/ETM+ 和 OLI 图像的遥感（RS）数据以及谷歌地球引擎（GEE）云平台，获取了 1987 年至 2023 年的湖面面积和湖岛信息。水域面积提取采用了修正的归一化差异水指数（MNDWI）。数字湖岸线分析系统（DSAS）用于评估湖岸线的净移动（NSM），并描述湖岸线长度和速率的变化。此外，水位由 ASTER GDEM V2 使用水线法和湖泊边界得出。研究了六种气候特征（气温、降水、潜在和实际蒸发量、干旱指数和实际水位差），通过相关分析和因子分析找到了湖泊面积缩小的驱动因素。结果表明，1987-2023 年间，湖泊面积分别经历了稳定（1987-1997 年）、萎缩（1998-2015 年）、增长（2016-2019 年）和减少（2020-2023 年）四个阶段。1998 年，HL 面积出现了最大幅度的负变化（-7.45%）。NSM 分析表明，湖泊在不同时间和地点经历了扩张和萎缩。根据水平衡法，HL 的水量变化范围为 -0.1895 至 -0.009 km³。湖泊容积、水位和面积的年均变化表现出相似的特征，且极不稳定。湖泊面积与气候因子的相关性和因子分析表明，降水量大、气温低、潜在蒸发量小、实际蒸发率低、水位差异较小等因素与湖泊面积的增加有关。相反，相反的条件则会导致湖泊面积减少。

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

2.70%

发文量

176

审稿时长

31.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001. Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers. The journal covers the following subject areas: -Solid Earth and Geodesy: (geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy). -Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere: (hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology). -Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science: (solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).