To tent and protect: Homeless encampments as “protective facilities”

IF 3.3 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102299

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Post COVID-19, visible homelessness in the form of encampments has grown in cities across North America. Often these encampments are stereotyped as posing health and safety risks. In response to public outcry, many of these encampments have been forcefully removed by city employees and police. However, it is unclear if encampments are criminogenic or simply create that perception. In this study, we use encampment data collected by the City of Brantford (2023) and calls for service and incident data from the Brantford Police Service (2015–2022) to determine if the emergence of encampments results in an increase in crime and disorder in the surrounding areas. We use Thiessen Polygons to approximate encampment area influence. We then analyze changes in crime patterns over time in these areas using a structural break test, from the point of encampment emergence, to determine if encampments significantly increase the likelihood of crime and disorder as compared to previous years in the same areas. Findings suggest that encampments follow the same criminogenic place patterns of other types of facilities. Implications for policy are discussed.

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搭建帐篷，提供保护：作为 "保护设施 "的无家可归者营地

在 COVID-19 之后，以露营形式出现的无家可归现象在北美各大城市不断增加。这些露营地往往被定型为构成健康和安全风险。在公众的强烈抗议下，许多露营地被城市雇员和警察强行拆除。然而，目前还不清楚这些营地是导致犯罪的原因，还是仅仅造成了这种印象。在本研究中，我们使用布兰特福德市收集的露营地数据（2023 年）以及布兰特福德市警察局的服务呼叫和事件数据（2015-2022 年）来确定露营地的出现是否会导致周边地区的犯罪和混乱增加。我们使用 Thiessen 多边形来估算露营区的影响范围。然后，我们使用结构断裂检验分析这些地区随着时间推移犯罪模式的变化，从露营地出现的时间点出发，确定与往年相比，露营地是否显著增加了同一地区发生犯罪和混乱的可能性。研究结果表明，露营地与其他类型的设施具有相同的致罪场所模式。本文讨论了对政策的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Criminal Justice CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Criminal Justice is an international journal intended to fill the present need for the dissemination of new information, ideas and methods, to both practitioners and academicians in the criminal justice area. The Journal is concerned with all aspects of the criminal justice system in terms of their relationships to each other. Although materials are presented relating to crime and the individual elements of the criminal justice system, the emphasis of the Journal is to tie together the functioning of these elements and to illustrate the effects of their interactions. Articles that reflect the application of new disciplines or analytical methodologies to the problems of criminal justice are of special interest. Since the purpose of the Journal is to provide a forum for the dissemination of new ideas, new information, and the application of new methods to the problems and functions of the criminal justice system, the Journal emphasizes innovation and creative thought of the highest quality.