Modeling the Stress State of the Mandibular Segment with a Dental Implant Under Shock Wave Therapy

Abstract

The most significant and protracted phase of the installation of a dental prosthesis is osseointegration of a metal implant with bone tissue. It is important to accelerate this process, for example, by the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the conditions for osseointegration of the implant in the dental region employing a poroelastic model implemented in the movable cellular automaton method. The mandibular segment under consideration includes a spongy tissue covered with a cortical layer 600 μm thick and a gum 400 μm thick. Additionally, the second premolar and second molar exhibited periodontal membranes of their roots, while the implant of the first molar was situated within a shell of soft fibrous tissue. The obtained fields of hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid pressure were analyzed according to the mechanobiological principles. The results obtained have indicated that shock wave therapy has a beneficial impact on the creation of conditions conducive to the differentiation and transfer of bone tissue cells along the main volume of the fibrous tissue surrounding the implant during the initial osseointegration stage.