Cohort comparison of vision and hearing in 75- and 80-year-old men and women born 28 years apart

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105653

Maija Välimaa , Kaisa Koivunen , Anne Viljanen , Taina Rantanen , Mikaela von Bonsdorff

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose

We compared the vision and hearing of older men and women born 28 years apart. In addition, we explored factors explaining the possible cohort differences.

Methods

Two independent cohorts of 75- and 80-year-old men and women were assessed as a part of the Evergreen study in 1989–1990 (n = 500) and the Evergreen II study in 2017–2018 (n = 726). Studies were conducted with similar protocols, and differences between cohorts were compared for distance visual acuity and hearing acuity. We also studied whether educational level and health factors (i.e. total cholesterol, blood pressure, BMI, and smoking status) underlie the possible cohort differences. Independent samples t-test, Pearson chi-squared test, and linear regression analyses were used as statistical analyses.

Results

Across age and sex groups, the later-born cohort had better visual acuity and a lower prevalence of visual impairment compared to the earlier-born cohort. In hearing, 75-year-old men in the later-born cohort had better hearing acuity, with average hearing level at 32 dB compared to 36 dB in the earlier-born cohort, and 80-year-old men had a lower prevalence of moderate or worse hearing loss (74 % vs. 54 %) than men in the earlier-born cohort. Similar differences were not observed for women. The cohort differences in distance visual acuity and hearing acuity attenuated when adjusting for education level.

Conclusions

Today older adults retain better vision longer than before, but cohort differences in hearing are less obvious. Differences between cohorts may be partly due to advances in education.

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对相差 28 年出生的 75 岁和 80 岁男女的视力和听力进行队列比较。

目的：我们比较了出生时间相差 28 年的老年男性和女性的视力和听力。此外，我们还探讨了可能造成队列差异的因素：作为 1989-1990 年常青研究（500 人）和 2017-2018 年常青 II 研究（726 人）的一部分，我们对两个独立队列中 75 岁和 80 岁的男性和女性进行了评估。研究采用相似的方案进行，并比较了不同组群在远距离视力和听力敏锐度方面的差异。我们还研究了教育水平和健康因素（即总胆固醇、血压、体重指数和吸烟状况）是否是可能的队列差异的基础。统计分析采用了独立样本 t 检验、皮尔逊卡方检验和线性回归分析：结果：在各年龄组和性别组中，出生较晚的人群与出生较早的人群相比，视力更好，视力损伤的发生率更低。在听力方面，较晚出生队列中 75 岁男性的听力敏锐度更高，平均听力水平为 32 分贝，而较早出生队列中男性的平均听力水平为 36 分贝；与较早出生队列中的男性相比，80 岁男性的中度或更严重听力损失发生率更低（74% 对 54%）。在女性中没有观察到类似的差异。在对教育水平进行调整后，远距离视力和听力敏锐度的队列差异有所减弱：结论：现在的老年人比以前更能保持较好的视力，但听力方面的队列差异却不那么明显。各组群之间的差异可能部分归因于教育的进步。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics provides a medium for the publication of papers from the fields of experimental gerontology and clinical and social geriatrics. The principal aim of the journal is to facilitate the exchange of information between specialists in these three fields of gerontological research. Experimental papers dealing with the basic mechanisms of aging at molecular, cellular, tissue or organ levels will be published. Clinical papers will be accepted if they provide sufficiently new information or are of fundamental importance for the knowledge of human aging. Purely descriptive clinical papers will be accepted only if the results permit further interpretation. Papers dealing with anti-aging pharmacological preparations in humans are welcome. Papers on the social aspects of geriatrics will be accepted if they are of general interest regarding the epidemiology of aging and the efficiency and working methods of the social organizations for the health care of the elderly.