A reappraisal of IL-9 in inflammation and cancer.

IF 7.9 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Fabian Bick, Christophe Blanchetot, Bart N Lambrecht, Martijn J Schuijs
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

While much is known about the functional effects of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in homeostasis and disease, we still poorly understand the functions of IL-9. Chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases, autoimmunity and cancer is however frequently accompanied by overproduction of this elusive type 2 cytokine. Initially identified as a T cell and mast cell growth factor, and later as the hallmark cytokine defining TH9 cells, we now know that IL-9 is produced by multiple innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent evidence suggests that IL-9 controls discrete aspects of the allergic cascade, cellular responses of immune and stromal cells, cancer progression, tolerance and immune escape. Despite functioning as a pleiotropic cytokine in mucosal environments, like the lungs, the direct and indirect cellular targets of IL-9 are still not well characterized. Here, we discuss IL-9's cellular senders and receivers, focusing on asthma and cancer. Moreover, we review current research directions and the outlook of targeted therapy centered around the biology of IL-9.

重新评估 IL-9 在炎症和癌症中的作用。
尽管人们对白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-5 和 IL-13 等 2 型细胞因子在体内平衡和疾病中的功能作用了解甚多,但对 IL-9 的功能却知之甚少。然而,过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症中的慢性炎症常常伴随着这种难以捉摸的 2 型细胞因子的过度分泌。最初,IL-9 被认为是一种 T 细胞和肥大细胞生长因子,后来又被认为是界定 TH9 细胞的标志性细胞因子,现在我们知道 IL-9 由多种先天性和适应性免疫细胞产生。最近的证据表明,IL-9 控制着过敏级联、免疫细胞和基质细胞的细胞反应、癌症进展、耐受性和免疫逃逸等不同方面。尽管IL-9在肺部等粘膜环境中发挥着多种细胞因子的作用,但其直接和间接细胞靶点的特征仍不十分明确。在此,我们将以哮喘和癌症为重点,讨论 IL-9 的细胞发送者和接收者。此外,我们还回顾了当前的研究方向以及以 IL-9 的生物学特性为中心的靶向治疗的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Mucosal Immunology
Mucosal Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
16.60
自引率
3.80%
发文量
100
审稿时长
12 days
期刊介绍: Mucosal Immunology, the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI), serves as a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues. It covers gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasopharyngeal, oral, ocular, and genitourinary immunology through original research articles, scholarly reviews, commentaries, editorials, and letters. The journal gives equal consideration to basic, translational, and clinical studies and also serves as a primary communication channel for the SMI governing board and its members, featuring society news, meeting announcements, policy discussions, and job/training opportunities advertisements.
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