Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries.

IF 6.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Sergey Timonin, David A Leon, Emily Banks, Tim Adair, Vladimir Canudas-Romo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, stagnating life expectancy trends were reported in some high-income countries (HICs). Despite previous evidence from country-specific studies, there is a lack of comparative research that provides a broader perspective and challenges existing assumptions. This study aims to examine longevity trends and patterns in six English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) by combining period and cohort perspectives and to compare them with other HICs.

Methods: Using data from the Human Mortality and World Health Organization Mortality Databases, we estimated partial life expectancy, lifespan inequality and cohort survival differences for 1970-2021, as well as the contribution of causes of death to the gap in life expectancy between English-speaking countries and the average for other HICs in 2017-19.

Results: In the pre-pandemic period, the increase in life expectancy slowed in all English-speaking countries, except Ireland, mainly due to stagnating or rising mortality at young-middle ages. Relative to other HICs, those born in Anglophone countries since the 1970s experienced relative survival disadvantage, largely attributable to injuries (mainly suicides) and substance-related mortality (mainly poisonings). In contrast, older cohorts enjoyed advantages for females in Australia and Canada and for males in all English-speaking countries except the United States.

Conclusions: Although future gains in life expectancy in wealthy societies will increasingly depend on reducing mortality at older ages, adverse health trends at younger ages are a cause for concern. This emerging and avoidable threat to health equity in English-speaking countries should be the focus of further research and policy action.

高收入英语国家中青年死亡率的下降。
背景:在 COVID-19 大流行之前,一些高收入国家(HICs)报告了预期寿命停滞不前的趋势。尽管之前有针对具体国家的研究证据,但缺乏能提供更广阔视角和挑战现有假设的比较研究。本研究旨在从时期和队列的角度研究六个英语国家(澳大利亚、加拿大、爱尔兰、新西兰、英国、美国)的长寿趋势和模式,并与其他高收入国家进行比较:利用人类死亡率数据库和世界卫生组织死亡率数据库的数据,我们估算了1970-2021年的部分预期寿命、寿命不平等和队列生存差异,以及2017-19年死因对英语国家与其他高收入国家平均预期寿命差距的贡献:在大流行前的时期,除爱尔兰外,所有英语国家的预期寿命增长速度都有所放缓,这主要是由于中青年死亡率停滞或上升所致。与其他高收入国家相比,20 世纪 70 年代以来在英语国家出生的人在存活率方面处于相对劣势,这主要归因于伤害(主要是自杀)和与药物有关的死亡(主要是中毒)。相比之下,澳大利亚和加拿大的女性以及除美国以外的所有英语国家的男性的较年长组群则享有优势:尽管富裕社会未来预期寿命的提高将越来越依赖于降低老年死亡率,但年轻群体的不利健康趋势也令人担忧。英语国家健康公平面临的这一新出现且可避免的威胁应成为进一步研究和政策行动的重点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
International journal of epidemiology
International journal of epidemiology 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
2.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Epidemiology is a vital resource for individuals seeking to stay updated on the latest advancements and emerging trends in the field of epidemiology worldwide. The journal fosters communication among researchers, educators, and practitioners involved in the study, teaching, and application of epidemiology pertaining to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. It also includes research on health services and medical care. Furthermore, the journal presents new methodologies in epidemiology and statistics, catering to professionals working in social and preventive medicine. Published six times a year, the International Journal of Epidemiology provides a comprehensive platform for the analysis of data. Overall, this journal is an indispensable tool for staying informed and connected within the dynamic realm of epidemiology.
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