Zheng Quan Toh, Jeremy Anderson, Nadia Mazarakis, Leanne Quah, Jill Nguyen, Rachel A Higgins, Lien Anh Ha Do, Yan Yung Ng, Sedi Jalali, Melanie R Neeland, Alissa McMinn, Richard Saffery, Sarah McNab, Jodie McVernon, Adrian Marcato, David P Burgner, Nigel Curtis, Andrew C Steer, Kim Mulholland, Daniel G Pellicci, Nigel W Crawford, Shidan Tosif, Paul V Licciardi
{"title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection","authors":"Zheng Quan Toh, Jeremy Anderson, Nadia Mazarakis, Leanne Quah, Jill Nguyen, Rachel A Higgins, Lien Anh Ha Do, Yan Yung Ng, Sedi Jalali, Melanie R Neeland, Alissa McMinn, Richard Saffery, Sarah McNab, Jodie McVernon, Adrian Marcato, David P Burgner, Nigel Curtis, Andrew C Steer, Kim Mulholland, Daniel G Pellicci, Nigel W Crawford, Shidan Tosif, Paul V Licciardi","doi":"10.1002/cti2.70008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>The immune response in children elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID-19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID-19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike-specific polyfunctional CD8 T-cell responses.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":152,"journal":{"name":"Clinical & Translational Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447454/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical & Translational Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cti2.70008","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives
The immune response in children elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID-19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
Methods
Participants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID-19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.
Results
A total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike-specific polyfunctional CD8 T-cell responses.
Conclusion
SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 re-infections.
期刊介绍：
Clinical & Translational Immunology is an open access, fully peer-reviewed journal devoted to publishing cutting-edge advances in biomedical research for scientists and physicians. The Journal covers fields including cancer biology, cardiovascular research, gene therapy, immunology, vaccine development and disease pathogenesis and therapy at the earliest phases of investigation.
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