Population structure analysis of Phlebotomus papatasi populations using transcriptome microsatellites: possible implications for leishmaniasis control and vaccine development.
Omar Hamarsheh, Souad Guernaoui, Mehmet Karakus, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Andreas Kruger, Ahmad Amro, Mohamed Amin Kenawy, Mostafa Ramadhan Dokhan, Douglas A Shoue, Mary Ann McDowell
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Abstract
Background: Phlebotomus papatasi is considered the primary vector of Leishmania major parasites that cause zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the Middle East and North Africa. Phlebotomus papatasi populations have been studied extensively, revealing the existence of different genetic populations and subpopulations over its large distribution range. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis using transcriptome microsatellite markers is important to uncover the vector distribution dynamics, essential for controlling ZCL in endemic areas.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the level of genetic variation using expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) among field and colony P. papatasi samples collected from 25 different locations in 11 countries. A total of 302 P. papatasi sand fly individuals were analyzed, including at least 10 flies from each region.
Results: The analysis revealed a high-level population structure expressed by five distinct populations A through E, with moderate genetic differentiation among all populations. These genetic differences in expressed genes may enable P. papatasi to adapt to different environmental conditions along its distribution range and likely affect dispersal.
Conclusions: Elucidating the population structuring of P. papatasi is essential to L. major containment efforts in endemic countries. Moreover, the level of genetic variation among these populations may improve our understanding of Leishmania-sand fly interactions and contribute to the efforts of vaccine development based on P. papatasi salivary proteins.
背景：在中东和北非，Phlebotomus papatasi 被认为是主要利什曼病寄生虫的主要传播媒介，这些寄生虫会导致人畜共患的皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）。人们对Phlebotomus papatasi种群进行了广泛研究，发现在其广阔的分布范围内存在不同的遗传种群和亚种群。利用转录组微卫星标记进行遗传多样性和种群结构分析对揭示病媒分布动态非常重要，这对控制流行地区的 ZCL 至关重要：在这项研究中，我们使用表达序列标签衍生的简单序列重复序列（EST-SSR）调查了从 11 个国家 25 个不同地点采集的野外和群落 P. papatasi 样本的遗传变异水平。共分析了 302 只 P. papatasi 沙蝇个体，其中每个地区至少有 10 只：结果：分析结果表明，A 至 E 五个不同种群表现出高水平的种群结构，所有种群之间存在中等程度的遗传分化。这些表达基因的遗传差异可能使 P. papatasi 能够适应其分布范围内不同的环境条件，并可能影响其扩散：结论：阐明 P. papatasi 的种群结构对流行国家遏制 L. major 的工作至关重要。此外，这些种群之间的遗传变异水平可能会提高我们对利什曼病-沙蝇相互作用的认识，并有助于以P. papatasi唾液蛋白为基础的疫苗开发工作。
期刊介绍：
Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish.
Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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