Enhancement of ion selectivity and permeability in two-dimensional material membranes

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, recognized for their atomic-level thickness, high specific surface area, and robust chemical adaptability, significantly reduce ion transport resistance and improve sieving selectivity in membrane separation. This review focuses on recent advancements in 2D material membranes for ion-selective separation, delving into the fundamental properties of 2D materials for membrane fabrication, their synthesis and preparation methods, their classification based on electrical properties, and strategies to enhance ion selectivity and ion permeability. It also explores applications at the forefront of desalination, osmotic energy conversion, and acid recovery. Furthermore, this review discusses developmental challenges and future research directions related to vertical 2D nanochannels, anion-exchange membranes, large-scale preparation, structure stability, 2D material assembly, and mass transfer mechanisms.