Microencapsulation of the Biocide Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) by Inclusion in Methyl-β-cyclodextrin and Screening of Its Antibacterial and Ecotoxicity Properties.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.3390/toxics12090674
Vânia F M Silva, Aurora Silva, Ermelinda M P J Garrido, Fernanda Borges, Alexandra Gaspar, Jorge M P J Garrido
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The excessive use of biocides has considerable environmental and economic impacts; this is why new technologies have been sought to decrease the concentration levels applied in an effort to reduce the use of these substances. Microencapsulation using cyclodextrins has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a way of reducing the concentrations of the active substance necessary to achieve a biological effect and/or eliminate its irritating or toxicological effects. In this study, the inclusion complexation behavior and binding ability of benzothiazolinone (BIT) with different β-cyclodextrins (β-CD, HP-β-CD, and Me-β-CD) was investigated. The intermolecular interactions were examined through UV and FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, 1D 1H NMR, and 2D ROESY. The highest stability constant was observed for the BIT/Me-β-CD inclusion complex (299.5 ± 2.9 M-1). Antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the results revealed that the BIT/Me-β-CD inclusion complex displays a higher antibacterial activity than BIT. The acute toxicity of the biocide and inclusion complex was also examined using the photobacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. Although BIT exhibited higher toxicity than the inclusion complex, further investigation is needed due to the quorum quenching effect of β-CDs. The data found suggest that BIT microencapsulation can increase its aqueous solubility and can be used as an effective tool to improve its chemical, biological, and ecotoxicological properties.

将杀菌剂苯并异噻唑啉酮 (BIT) 包入甲基-β-环糊精中进行微胶囊化并筛选其抗菌和生态毒性特性。
杀菌剂的过度使用会对环境和经济造成相当大的影响;因此,人们一直在寻求降低使用浓度的新技术,以减少这些物质的使用。使用环糊精的微胶囊技术已广泛应用于食品和制药行业,作为降低活性物质浓度以达到生物效应和/或消除其刺激性或毒性效应的一种方法。本研究考察了苯并噻唑啉酮(BIT)与不同β-环糊精(β-CD、HP-β-CD 和 Me-β-CD)的包合络合行为和结合能力。通过紫外光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、DSC、一维 1H NMR 和二维 ROESY 对分子间相互作用进行了研究。观察到 BIT/Me-β-CD 包合物的稳定常数最高(299.5 ± 2.9 M-1)。研究了 BIT/Me-β-CD 包合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性,结果表明 BIT/Me-β-CD 包合物的抗菌活性高于 BIT。此外,还使用光细菌弗氏阿里维氏菌检测了杀菌剂和包合物的急性毒性。虽然 BIT 的毒性高于包合复合物,但由于 β-CD 的法定量淬灭效应,还需要进一步研究。所发现的数据表明,BIT 微胶囊化可增加其水溶性,可作为一种有效工具来改善其化学、生物和生态毒理学特性。
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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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