Stability of Resistance of Maize to Ear Rots (Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus) and Their Resistance to Toxin Contamination and Conclusions for Variety Registration.

IF 3.9 3区 医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Toxins Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI:10.3390/toxins16090390
Akos Mesterhazy, Balazs Szabo, Denes Szieberth, Szabolcs Tóth, Zoltan Nagy, Tamas Meszlenyi, Beata Herczig, Attila Berenyi, Beata Tóth
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

All major ear rots (F. graminearum, F. verticillioides, and Aspergillus flavus) and their toxins are present in maize of preharvest origin in Hungary. Resistance can be an important tool in reducing the infection and toxin contamination from these rots in maize. Previous results identified resistance differences in maize hybrids that were suitable for use in evaluating their risk from toxigenic fungi and their toxins. During the tests, two methodical improvements were achieved: the use of three isolates of the fungus secured and a more precise estimation of resistance to ear rots and their resistance to toxin accumulation or overproduction. The improvement in sampling and the tests of subsamples made the evaluation for the statistics much more exact. This way, we were able to reduce the Within value, providing a statistically more reliable method of evaluation. Earlier data had confirmed that toxin contamination could not be predicted well from visual ear rot severity data. Contradictory results for hybrid ranking were often identified between isolates. The resistance to disease and toxin contamination is not generally valid. The new suggested methodology compares the performance of hybrids in a large number of epidemic situations to identify adaptable hybrids that can respond to diverse conditions; therefore, the stability of resistance and toxin response is decisive information to evaluate risk analyses. The increased number of disease toxin data allowed for lower LSD 5% values for toxins, a much finer analysis of toxin overproduction and underproduction, and a wider database for stability analyses. This way, we obtained important additional separated information about resistance to accumulation of toxins and about maize resistance to these pathogens that is suitable to provide much more reliable testing than was possible until now. Globally, about 50-100 million metric tons can be saved by excluding susceptible hybrids from commercial production.

玉米对穗轴病菌(禾谷镰刀菌、疣孢镰刀菌和黄曲霉)抗性的稳定性及其对毒素污染的抗性和品种登记的结论。
所有主要的穗腐病(禾谷镰刀菌、轮纹霉菌和黄曲霉菌)及其毒素都存在于匈牙利收获前的玉米中。抗性是减少这些腐烂病在玉米中的感染和毒素污染的重要工具。之前的研究结果确定了玉米杂交种的抗性差异,这些差异适合用于评估其受致毒真菌及其毒素影响的风险。在试验过程中,我们在方法上实现了两项改进:使用了三种真菌分离物,确保了安全;对穗腐病的抗性及其对毒素积累或过量生产的抗性进行了更精确的评估。取样和子样测试的改进使统计评估更加精确。这样,我们就能降低内值,提供一种统计上更可靠的评估方法。早先的数据证实,毒素污染不能从目测的穗腐病严重程度数据中很好地预测出来。分离物之间的杂交排名结果往往相互矛盾。对病害和毒素污染的抗性并非普遍有效。因此,抗性和毒素反应的稳定性是评估风险分析的决定性信息。病害毒素数据数量的增加使得毒素的 LSD 5% 值降低,毒素生产过剩和不足的分析更加精细,稳定性分析的数据库更加广泛。这样,我们就获得了有关毒素积累抗性和玉米对这些病原体抗性的重要额外分离信息,这些信息适合提供比现在更可靠的测试。在全球范围内,将易感杂交种从商业生产中剔除可节省约 5000 万至 1 亿吨的产量。
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来源期刊
Toxins
Toxins TOXICOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
765
审稿时长
16.24 days
期刊介绍: Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to toxins and toxinology. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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