Evaluating the effects of azelaic acid in the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings through untargeted metabolomics and ionomics approaches.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez, Biancamaria Senizza, Fabrizio Araniti, Luigi Lucini, Giorgio Lucchini, Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present study demonstrates that low concentrations of azelaic acid (AZA) significantly impact the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, leading to imbalances in numerous minerals and metabolites due to AZA-induced stress. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on untreated and AZA-treated seedlings at two time points: 7 and 14 days after treatment initiation. The results revealed a general accumulation of sugars (e.g., glucose, mannose, xylose), amino acids (e.g., lysine, GABA, threonine, glutamine), and organic acids (e.g., glutaric acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid) in AZA treated-seedlings, suggesting that AZA triggers stress responses in Arabidopsis. Ionomic analysis revealed that AZA induces phosphorus deficiency, which plants compensate by increasing malate content in the roots. Additionally, AZA treatment induced putrescine accumulation within the root, a metabolic biomarker of potassium deficiency and plant stress. The metabolomic profile showed elevated levels of different specialized metabolites, such as nitrogen- and sulphur-containing compounds, and altered levels of various phytohormones, including jasmonates and brassinosteroids, implicated in plant protection under biotic and/or abiotic stresses. These findings support the hypothesis that AZA's mode of action is associated with an auxin imbalance, suggesting its function as an auxinic herbicide. The observed increases in starch and jasmonates, coupled with the disruptions in potassium homeostasis, are linked to the previously reported alterations in the auxin transport, root architecture and gravitropic root response. Statistical analyses were applied, including Kruskal-Wallis tests for ionomic data, as well as multifactor analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis, and enrichment pathway analysis for metabolomic data, ensuring the robustness and validity of these findings.

通过非靶向代谢组学和离子组学方法评估壬二酸对拟南芥幼苗新陈代谢的影响
本研究表明,低浓度的壬二酸(AZA)会显著影响拟南芥幼苗的新陈代谢,导致多种矿物质和代谢物因 AZA 诱导的胁迫而失衡。在两个时间点对未处理和经 AZA 处理的幼苗进行了非靶向代谢组学分析:开始处理后 7 天和 14 天。结果显示,AZA 处理过的幼苗中糖(如葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖)、氨基酸(如赖氨酸、GABA、苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺)和有机酸(如戊二酸、莽草酸、琥珀酸)普遍积累,表明 AZA 会引发拟南芥的胁迫反应。植物学分析表明,AZA 引发缺磷,植物通过增加根部的苹果酸含量来弥补缺磷。此外,AZA 处理还诱导根部的腐胺积累,而腐胺是钾缺乏和植物胁迫的代谢生物标志物。代谢组图谱显示,在生物和/或非生物胁迫下,不同的特殊代谢物(如含氮和含硫化合物)水平升高,各种植物激素(包括茉莉酸盐和铜绿素类固醇)的水平也发生了变化,这与植物保护有关。这些发现支持了 AZA 的作用模式与辅助素失衡有关的假设,表明它具有辅助除草剂的功能。观察到的淀粉和茉莉酸盐的增加,以及钾平衡的破坏,都与之前报道的辅助素运输、根系结构和重力根反应的改变有关。研究采用了统计分析方法,包括离子组数据的 Kruskal-Wallis 检验,以及代谢组数据的多因素分析、主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析和富集通路分析,从而确保了这些研究结果的稳健性和有效性。
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来源期刊
Physiologia plantarum
Physiologia plantarum 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
224
审稿时长
3.9 months
期刊介绍: Physiologia Plantarum is an international journal committed to publishing the best full-length original research papers that advance our understanding of primary mechanisms of plant development, growth and productivity as well as plant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. All organisational levels of experimental plant biology – from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics to ecophysiology and global change biology – fall within the scope of the journal. The content is distributed between 5 main subject areas supervised by Subject Editors specialised in the respective domain: (1) biochemistry and metabolism, (2) ecophysiology, stress and adaptation, (3) uptake, transport and assimilation, (4) development, growth and differentiation, (5) photobiology and photosynthesis.
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