A rapid tick exposure test for monitoring acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks on dogs.

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06472-6

Frans Jongejan, Laura Berger, Elias Papadopoulos, José Reck, Priscila Teixeira Ferreira, Fabio Barbour Scott, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Brena Gava Guimarães, Thais Ribeiro Correia, Iris Hulsebos, Alita Petersen, Guilherme Klafke

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) are vectors of pathogens adversely affecting the health of dogs in many regions of the world. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus s.l., with all stages feeding on dogs, can lead to an uncontrolled build-up of large tick populations if not controlled by acaricides. However, frequent tick control on dogs using acaricides has led to the emergence of resistance to permethrin and fipronil. Currently, the larval packet test (LPT) is the standard tick resistance test, which is laborious, requires laboratory facilities, and takes at least 6 weeks before larvae derived from engorged female ticks can be tested. Our novel approach is to expose semi-engorged adult ticks to acaricides immediately after removing them from dogs, obtaining results within 24 h.

Methods: Adult ticks from three laboratory colonies of R. sanguineus s.l. were tested in RaTexT^®, a rapid tick exposure test in which ticks were confined to small compartments and exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix. Resistance was confirmed by testing larvae derived from the same laboratory colonies using the LPT. RaTexT^® was also used to determine the susceptibility of R. sanguineus acaricides in dog shelters.

Results: RaTexT^® detected resistance to permethrin in adult R. sanguineus s.l. ticks from two Brazilian laboratory colonies compared to a susceptible laboratory strain originating in Greece. Resistance was confirmed by LPT testing of larvae from the same colonies with resistance factors between 2.2 and 3.1. All laboratory strains were susceptible to fipronil. A suspected case of fipronil resistance at a dog shelter in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, was resolved within 24 h by testing adult ticks in RaTexT^® and could be attributed to improper treatment.

Conclusions: RaTexT^® is a valuable tool for monitoring the development of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids or phenylpyrazoles in tick-infested dogs.

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用于监测狗身上的 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato 蜱虫对杀螨剂抗药性的快速蜱虫接触试验。

背景：褐狗虱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato）是病原体的传播媒介，对世界许多地区的狗的健康造成了不利影响。R. sanguineus s.l.的三寄主生命周期中的各个阶段都以狗为食，如果不使用杀螨剂进行控制，可能会导致大量蜱虫不受控制地聚集。然而，频繁使用杀螨剂控制狗身上的蜱虫已导致对氯菊酯和氟虫腈产生抗药性。目前，幼虫包测试（LPT）是标准的蜱虫抗药性测试方法，但这种方法费时费力，需要实验室设施，而且至少需要 6 周时间才能测试从吞食的雌蜱中提取的幼虫。我们的新方法是从狗身上取下半充血的成蜱后立即将其暴露在杀螨剂中，24 小时内就能得到结果：RaTexT®是一种快速蜱虫暴露测试方法，它将蜱虫限制在小格子中，并将其暴露在浸过杀螨剂的专门设计的基质中。使用 LPT 对来自同一实验室菌落的幼虫进行测试后，抗药性得到了确认。RaTexT® 还被用来确定狗收容所中的矢车菊对杀螨剂的敏感性：结果：RaTexT® 检测到巴西两个实验室群落中的成年 R. sanguineus s.l.蜱对氯菊酯具有抗药性，而来自希腊的实验室菌株则对氯菊酯具有易感性。通过对来自同一菌落的幼虫进行 LPT 检测，抗药性得到了证实，抗药性因子介于 2.2 和 3.1 之间。所有实验室菌株都对氟虫腈敏感。巴西南卡希亚斯的一个狗收容所出现了疑似氟虫腈抗药性的病例，通过在 RaTexT® 中检测成蜱，病例在 24 小时内就得到了解决，这可能是由于治疗不当造成的：RaTexT® 是监测受蜱虫感染的狗对合成除虫菊酯或苯吡唑产生抗药性情况的重要工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

433

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.