Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing acute cardiovascular events within 1 year in Beijing, China.

Abstract

Controversies persist about the protective effects of vaccines against acute cardiovascular events. Using electronic medical records from hospitals and influenza vaccine administration data in Beijing, China, we studied individuals vaccinated between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, who experienced at least one acute cardiovascular event within two years. A self-controlled case series design calculated the relative incidence (RI) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of acute cardiovascular events within one year after vaccination. Among 1647 participants (median age: 65 years, 38.43% female), the risk of events 29-365 days post-vaccination was 0.76 times the baseline level (RI: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68-0.84). The protective effect was more pronounced in younger participants (P = 0.043) and those without cardiovascular history (P < 0.001), while acute respiratory infection (P = 0.986) and vaccination frequency (P = 0.272) had no impact. Influenza vaccines offer protection against acute cardiovascular events for at least one year, suggesting potential for cardiovascular disease prevention.