Natural variation of CT2 affects the embryo/kernel weight ratio in maize.

IF 6.6 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Yumin Zhang, Sihan Zhen, Chunxia Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xiaoqing Shangguan, Jiawen Lu, Qingyu Wu, Lynnette M A Dirk, A Bruce Downie, Guoying Wang, Tianyong Zhao, Junjie Fu
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Abstract

Embryo size is a critical trait determining not only grain yield but also the nutrition of the maize kernel. Up to the present, only a few genes have been characterized affecting the maize embryo/kernel ratio. Here, we identify 63 genes significantly associated with maize embryo/kernel weight ratio using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The peak GWAS signal shows that the natural variation in Zea mays COMPACT PLANT2 (CT2), encoding the heterotrimeric G protein α subunit, is significantly associated with the Embryo/Kernel Weight Ratio (EKWR). Further analyses show that a missense mutation of CT2 increases its enzyme activity and associates with EKWR. The function of CT2 on affecting embryo/kernel weight ratio is further validated by the characterization of two ct2 mutants, for which EKWR is significantly decreased. Subsequently, the key downstream genes of CT2 are identified by combining the differential expression analysis (DEG) of the ct2 mutant and quantitative trait transcript analysis in the GWAS population. In addition, the allele frequency spectrum shows that CT2 was under selective pressure during maize domestication. This study provides important genetic insights into the natural variation of maize embryo/kernel weight ratio, which could be applied in future maize breeding programs to improve grain yield and nutritional content.

CT2 的自然变异会影响玉米的胚重/粒重比。
胚胎大小不仅是决定谷物产量的关键性状,也是决定玉米籽粒营养的关键性状。迄今为止,影响玉米胚重/粒重比的基因只有少数几个。在此,我们利用全基因组关联研究(GWAS)确定了 63 个与玉米胚/粒重比显著相关的基因。GWAS 的峰值信号显示,编码异源三聚体 G 蛋白 α 亚基的玉米 COMPACT PLANT2(CT2)的自然变异与胚/粒重比(EKWR)显著相关。两个 CT2 突变体的特征进一步验证了 CT2 在影响胚/核重比方面的功能,这两个突变体的 EKWR 显著降低。随后,结合对ct2突变体的差异表达分析(DEG)和GWAS群体中的定量性状转录分析,确定了CT2的关键下游基因。此外,等位基因频率谱显示 CT2 在玉米驯化过程中受到了选择性压力。这项研究为玉米胚重/粒重比的自然变异提供了重要的遗传学见解,可应用于未来的玉米育种计划,以提高谷物产量和营养成分。
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来源期刊
Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Journal of Genetics and Genomics 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
3.40%
发文量
4756
审稿时长
14 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Genetics and Genomics (JGG, formerly known as Acta Genetica Sinica ) is an international journal publishing peer-reviewed articles of novel and significant discoveries in the fields of genetics and genomics. Topics of particular interest include but are not limited to molecular genetics, developmental genetics, cytogenetics, epigenetics, medical genetics, population and evolutionary genetics, genomics and functional genomics as well as bioinformatics and computational biology.
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