Precision public health - hopes and threats.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Maria Nowacka
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Abstract

Introduction and objective: The article formulates the following theses and conclusion: (1) the development processes of precision medicine and precision public health (PPH) are correlated; (2) the development of public health genomics depends not only on an increasingly complete exploration of the principles of the human genome, but also on a fundamentally better investigation of how broad environmental factors can alter gene expression or structure; (3) a necessary condition for the development of both precision medicine and precision public health is the collection of increasingly broader and more complete information about pro- and anti-health factors; (4) the above necessary condition is only possible in a situation of strong authoritarianism with regard to taking health-promoting measures. It is likely that in the near future public health will be shaped by health-promoting authoritarianism.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: There are two main problems in the development of precise public health (PPH). The first, is maintaining the right proportions between actions based on the genomic data, and actions determined by better understanding of the effect of environmental factors. The second, is the necessity to subject individuals and populations to increasingly closer pro-health surveillance, which must be increasingly more effective, forcing specific health-promoting behaviours on individual and social scales.

Summary: PPH in full can only exist in conditions of complete information concerning health determinants of an individual, and each distinguished group of individuals, as well as fully pro-health organization of individual and social life, i.e. in conditions of full individual and social medicalization. However, such a full medicalization cannot be achieved in any way other than authoritarian.

精准公共卫生--希望与威胁。
导言和目标:文章提出以下论点和结论:(1) 精准医学和精准公共卫生(PPH)的发展过程是相互关联的;(2) 公共卫生基因组学的发展不仅取决于对人类基因组原理日益完整的探索,而且取决于从根本上更好地研究广泛的环境因素如何改变基因的表达或结构;(3) 发展精准医学和精准公共卫生的一个必要条件是收集更广泛、更完整的关于有利和 不利于健康的因素的信息;(4) 上述必要条件只有在采取促进健康的措施方面具有很强的专制 性的情况下才有可能实现。在不久的将来,公共卫生很可能会被促进健康的专制主义所左右:精准公共卫生(PPH)的发展主要存在两个问题。第一个问题是在基于基因组数据的行动和通过更好地了解环境因素的影响而确定的行动之间保持适当的比例。第二,必须对个人和人群进行越来越密切的有利于健康的监督,这种监督必须越来越有效,迫使个人和社会采取具体的促进健康的行为。小结:只有在个人和每个不同群体的健康决定因素信息齐全,以及个人和社会生活组织完全有利于健康的条件下,即在个人和社会完全医疗化的条件下,才能全面实现公共卫生。然而,这种全面医疗化只能通过专制的方式来实现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
58
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: All papers within the scope indicated by the following sections of the journal may be submitted: Biological agents posing occupational risk in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry and diseases caused by these agents (zoonoses, allergic and immunotoxic diseases). Health effects of chemical pollutants in agricultural areas , including occupational and non-occupational effects of agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers) and effects of industrial disposal (heavy metals, sulphur, etc.) contaminating the atmosphere, soil and water. Exposure to physical hazards associated with the use of machinery in agriculture and forestry: noise, vibration, dust. Prevention of occupational diseases in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry. Work-related accidents and injuries in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry: incidence, causes, social aspects and prevention. State of the health of rural communities depending on various factors: social factors, accessibility of medical care, etc.
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