Development of flame retardant coatings containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and expandable graphite for carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 6 composites

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111017

Zsófia Kovács , Andrea Toldy

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Abstract

The increasing importance of thermoplastic composites, driven by their enhanced recyclability and production efficiency, has attracted interest in continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic. Polyamide 6 (PA6), synthesised via anionic ring-opening polymerisation, is particularly relevant, however, the flammability of PA6 poses significant challenges and a critical concern for their structural application, necessitating effective flame retardancy measures. This study investigates the development of flame retardant coatings for carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites, employing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and expandable graphite (EG), and evaluates their efficacy in improving the flammability properties of the composites through their combined modes of action. We investigated the impact of FRs on glass transition temperature, crystallinity, thermal stability, monomer conversion and flammability properties. The best-performing formulations (PA6/3P%HPCTP/3%EG and PA6/3P%HPCTP/4%EG) were applied to the surface of carbon fibre-reinforced PA6 composites by in-mould coating. Due to the synergistic effect of HPCTP and EG, the coatings containing 3P% HPCTP and 3 % EG reduced the maximum heat release by 33 % and the total heat release by 37 %.

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为碳纤维增强聚酰胺 6 复合材料开发含有六苯氧环三磷嗪和可膨胀石墨的阻燃涂层

热塑性复合材料的可回收性和生产效率不断提高，使其重要性与日俱增，这引起了人们对连续纤维增强热塑性塑料的兴趣。通过阴离子开环聚合合成的聚酰胺 6（PA6）尤其具有相关性，但 PA6 的可燃性对其结构应用构成了重大挑战和关键问题，因此必须采取有效的阻燃措施。本研究采用六苯氧基环三磷腈（HPCTP）和可膨胀石墨（EG），对碳纤维增强 PA6 复合材料阻燃涂层的开发进行了调查，并评估了它们通过联合作用模式改善复合材料可燃性能的效果。我们研究了阻燃剂对玻璃化转变温度、结晶度、热稳定性、单体转化率和可燃性能的影响。通过模内涂覆法将性能最好的配方（PA6/3P%HPCTP/3%EG 和 PA6/3P%HPCTP/4%EG）应用于碳纤维增强 PA6 复合材料的表面。由于 HPCTP 和 EG 的协同作用，含有 3P% HPCTP 和 3% EG 的涂层将最大热释放量降低了 33%，总热释放量降低了 37%。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.