Comprehensive groundwater potential mapping in Nagaland, India using integrated geo-spatial techniques

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2024.103738

Subhrajyoti Deb, Azeri Kenye

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Abstract

Groundwater is essential for a sustainable future, yet identifying potential groundwater zones remains challenging in regions with varied hydro-geological conditions. Nagaland is a state in north-eastern India characterized by diverse terrain, complex geological formations, and seasonal variations in rainfall. The objective of the present study is to evaluate groundwater potential zones in Nagaland using an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, resulting in the first comprehensive map addressing the region's diverse hydro-geological conditions. Several attributes like geomorphology, geology, slope, soil, rainfall, drainage density, and Land use/Land cover (LU/LC) were generated from available data resources like Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imageries, the Geological Survey of India (GSI), Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Climatic Research Unit (CRU). These datasets are extracted using the Arc-GIS (Arc-GIS Desktop 10.8.1), with weights assigned according to Saaty's scale, and subsequently normalized through the AHP. The findings reveal that 14% (2240km²) of the state has very good groundwater potential, 42% (6720 km²) is classified as good, 9% (1440 km²) as moderate, 27% (4320 km²) as poor, and 8% (1280 km²) as very poor. These insights are significant for regions like Mokokchung, Longleng, and Wokha, which require urgent intervention. Conversely, the study identifies Dimapur and Chumoukedima as areas with significant groundwater potential, capable of meeting rising water demands. The validation of these results using well discharge data from 12 monitoring wells supports these findings.

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利用综合地理空间技术绘制印度那加兰邦地下水潜力综合图

地下水对未来的可持续发展至关重要，但在水文地质条件各不相同的地区，确定潜在的地下水区仍具有挑战性。那加兰邦位于印度东北部，地形多样，地质构造复杂，降雨量随季节变化。本研究的目的是利用地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP）对那加兰邦的地下水潜势区进行综合评估，从而绘制出第一张针对该地区不同水文地质条件的综合地图。地貌、地质、坡度、土壤、降雨量、排水密度和土地利用/土地覆盖（LU/LC）等属性均来自现有的数据资源，如 Landsat 8 和 Sentinel-2 卫星图像、印度地质调查局 (GSI)、环境系统研究所 (ESRI)、联合国粮农组织 (FAO) 和气候研究单位 (CRU)。这些数据集使用 Arc-GIS（Arc-GIS Desktop 10.8.1）提取，并根据萨蒂标度分配权重，随后通过 AHP 进行归一化处理。研究结果显示，该州 14% 的地区（2240 平方公里）地下水潜力非常好，42% 的地区（6720 平方公里）地下水潜力良好，9% 的地区（1440 平方公里）地下水潜力中等，27% 的地区（4320 平方公里）地下水潜力较差，8% 的地区（1280 平方公里）地下水潜力极差。这些结论对莫克涌、龙陵和沃卡等需要紧急干预的地区意义重大。与此相反，研究发现迪马布尔和朱穆凯迪马地区的地下水潜力巨大，能够满足日益增长的用水需求。利用 12 口监测井的排水数据对这些结果进行了验证，从而证实了上述结论。

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

2.70%

发文量

176

审稿时长

31.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001. Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers. The journal covers the following subject areas: -Solid Earth and Geodesy: (geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy). -Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere: (hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology). -Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science: (solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).