External morphology and growth patterns of larvae and juveniles of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes, Iguanodectidae) from Amazon basin

IF 1.6 3区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
Zoology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.zool.2024.126210
Lucas Silva Oliveira , Ruineris Almada Cajado , Fabíola Katrine Souza Silva , Zaqueu Santos , Elzamara Casto Oliveira , Cárlison Silva-Oliveira , Diego Maia Zacardi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

During early development, fishes undergo significant changes that influence external morphology and the functioning of internal organs and systems. This often results in gradual variation of the morphological traits of individuals across developmental stages. The investigation of larval and juvenile fish development and growth patterns has pertinent implications for the systematic and ecological elucidation of species. Bryconops gracilis is a medium-sized fish, omnivorous that inhabits lotic and lentic environments with acidic and transparent waters in the Amazon basin. In this study, the early development of B. gracilis is described, until recently a practically unknown species. In terms of development, we used morphological, meristic, and morphometric data to characterize the larvae and juveniles. The individuals were collected in the Curuá-Una River, Amazon basin, Brazil. Fifty-four specimens were examined. Samples include individuals with 3.39–21.79 mm SL. Yolk-sac larvae have two attachment organs on the dorsal surface of head and body. The larvae of B. gracilis are considered altricial, with a fusiform body, and the intestine reaches the median region of the body. Initially, the mouth is subterminal and becomes isognathic from the postflexion stage on. During the postflexion stage, the most relevant morphological changes occur (e.g., presence of all fins, mouth position similar to adults, increased body pigmentation), making individuals more specialized to explore new habitats and diets and maximize their chances of survival. Furthermore, vertebrae and myomeres are compared and assist with differentiating some Bryconops species at early life stages that occur in sympatry in the Amazon basin. Our results contribute to knowledge about the external morphology of neotropical freshwater fishes, enabling the identification of larvae and juveniles through traditional taxonomy and broadening the perspective on the ontogenetic study of the adipose fin in Characoidei.
亚马逊河流域 Bryconops gracilis(鳕形目,鬣蜥科)幼虫和幼鱼的外部形态和生长模式
鱼类在早期发育过程中会发生重大变化,这些变化会影响外部形态以及内部器官和系统的功能。这往往导致个体的形态特征在不同发育阶段逐渐发生变化。对幼鱼和幼鱼发育和生长模式的研究对物种的系统学和生态学阐释具有重要意义。Bryconops gracilis 是一种中型杂食性鱼类,栖息于亚马逊河流域酸性透明水域的地层和透水环境中。本研究描述了 B. gracilis 的早期发育过程,直到最近,它还是一个几乎不为人知的物种。在发育过程中,我们利用形态学、分身学和形态计量学数据来描述幼虫和幼体的特征。这些个体采集于巴西亚马逊河流域的库鲁阿-乌纳河。共检验了 54 个标本。样本包括 3.39-21.79 mm SL 的个体。卵黄囊幼虫的头部和身体背面有两个附着器官。B. gracilis 的幼虫被认为是初生的,身体呈纺锤形,肠道到达身体的中间区域。最初,口部呈近端状,从屈体后阶段开始变为等长。在折叠后阶段,最重要的形态变化出现了(如所有鳍的出现、口的位置与成体相似、身体色素增加),使个体更加专门化,以探索新的栖息地和食物,最大限度地增加生存机会。此外,我们还比较了脊椎骨和肌球,这有助于区分亚马逊河流域一些同生共栖的 Bryconops 早期物种。我们的研究结果有助于了解新热带淡水鱼类的外部形态,通过传统的分类方法识别幼鱼和幼鱼,并拓宽了对夏科鱼类脂肪鳍的个体发育研究的视野。
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来源期刊
Zoology
Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
70 days
期刊介绍: Zoology is a journal devoted to experimental and comparative animal science. It presents a common forum for all scientists who take an explicitly organism oriented and integrative approach to the study of animal form, function, development and evolution. The journal invites papers that take a comparative or experimental approach to behavior and neurobiology, functional morphology, evolution and development, ecological physiology, and cell biology. Due to the increasing realization that animals exist only within a partnership with symbionts, Zoology encourages submissions of papers focused on the analysis of holobionts or metaorganisms as associations of the macroscopic host in synergistic interdependence with numerous microbial and eukaryotic species. The editors and the editorial board are committed to presenting science at its best. The editorial team is regularly adjusting editorial practice to the ever changing field of animal biology.
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