Rapid surface modification of PEEK by ambient temperature sulfonation for high shelf-life biomedical applications

IF 5.7 2区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Surfaces and Interfaces Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.surfin.2024.105117

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a rapid, simple, and economical surface treatment process for Poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) using concentrated sulfuric acid. PEEK is a biocompatible material, with a bonelike elastic modulus and is mechanically superior to other implant materials like titanium, stainless steel etc. This property brings PEEK to limelight as a promising alternative for bone implants. However, a strong challenge is observed of osseointegration mainly due to its inert surface behavior and poor hydrophilicity. Chemical surface modification is considered as one of the best ways to bioactivate the PEEK surface. In this work, two different sulfonation treatment methodologies have been designed and the effect of reaction time is systematically studied over its changing surface properties and favorable cellular growth. In one treatment, only rapid sulfonation is implemented while in other treatment processes, scaffolds are treated with NaOH solution to terminate the sulfonation process. The modified PEEK surface is next evaluated using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy to ascertain its behavior. The modified surface is observed to possess higher hydrophilicity, higher surface roughness and high porosity. No significant difference in hydrophilicity is observed for over a month once treated, showing permanency in modification. A 90 second treatment is observed to have the highest hydrophilicity and thus selected for cellular integration studies. No sign of cell toxicity was observed in the modified surfaces, which also showed improved protein adsorption, cell viability, cell adhesion, and proliferation compared to untreated PEEK.

The proposed chemical modifications are promising techniques for a rapid, easy, and economical bioactivation of PEEK polymer for improved cellular activity.

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通过常温磺化对 PEEK 进行快速表面改性，实现高保质期生物医学应用

本研究旨在利用浓硫酸开发一种快速、简单、经济的聚醚醚酮（PEEK）表面处理工艺。PEEK 是一种生物相容性材料，具有类似骨骼的弹性模量，在机械性能上优于钛、不锈钢等其他植入材料。这一特性使 PEEK 成为骨植入物的理想替代材料。然而，由于其表面惰性和亲水性较差，骨结合面临着巨大挑战。化学表面改性被认为是使 PEEK 表面生物活性化的最佳方法之一。在这项工作中，我们设计了两种不同的磺化处理方法，并系统地研究了反应时间对其表面性质变化和有利于细胞生长的影响。在一种处理方法中，只进行快速磺化，而在另一种处理方法中，用 NaOH 溶液处理支架以终止磺化过程。接下来使用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、接触角、光学轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜对改性后的 PEEK 表面进行评估，以确定其行为。据观察，改性后的表面具有更高的亲水性、更高的表面粗糙度和更高的孔隙率。经过一个月的处理后，亲水性没有明显差异，这表明改性具有持久性。经过 90 秒钟处理的表面亲水性最高，因此被选为细胞整合研究的对象。与未经处理的 PEEK 相比，改性后的表面在蛋白质吸附、细胞存活率、细胞粘附和增殖方面都有所改善，没有观察到细胞毒性迹象。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surfaces and Interfaces Chemistry-General Chemistry

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

6.50%

发文量

753

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The aim of the journal is to provide a respectful outlet for ''sound science'' papers in all research areas on surfaces and interfaces. We define sound science papers as papers that describe new and well-executed research, but that do not necessarily provide brand new insights or are merely a description of research results. Surfaces and Interfaces publishes research papers in all fields of surface science which may not always find the right home on first submission to our Elsevier sister journals (Applied Surface, Surface and Coatings Technology, Thin Solid Films)