Navigating the Global Pandemic in Pediatric Overweight and Obesity: Emerging Challenges and Proposed Solutions.

Abstract

Background: Since 1990, childhood overweight and obesity have been rising on every continent and have almost doubled worldwide. The deleterious consequences include hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia leading to metabolic syndrome in childhood and myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and other disabling conditions in adulthood.

Purpose: In Southern Europe, including Greece, Italy, and Spain, 10 to 15% of children are obese. Obesity in Eastern European countries is somewhat lower, but the rates of rise are very steep and will approach those in Southern Europe during the next few years. Worldwide, Asia accounts for nearly half of all overweight children under the age of 5, while Africa is home to one quarter of overweight children under 5. In Latin America, about 20% of children under 20 are overweight. Further, children living in poverty can suffer simultaneous overweight and obesity as well as malnutrition. In the US, the risk of being overweight in adolescence is several times higher when a younger child has a body mass index (BMI) in the 50th or greater percentile.

Findings: If the clinical, non-clinical and public health communities ignore these challenges, such inaction will surely portend an unprecedented future pandemic of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents leading to future premature morbidity and mortality. All clinical, non-clinical and public health professionals should exert concerted efforts concerning their individual patients, their families, communities, and policymakers.

Conclusions: Such coordinated interdisciplinary efforts may curb these alarming trends and secure healthier futures for children and their families throughout the world.