Coming and going: A narrative review exploring the push-pull factors during nurses' careers

IF 7.5 1区医学 Q1 NURSING

International Journal of Nursing Studies Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104908

Ourega-Zoé Ejebu , Julia Philippou , Joanne Turnbull , Anne Marie Rafferty , William Palmer , Jane Prichard , Iain Atherton , Michelle Jamieson , Lucina Rolewicz , Matthew Williams , Jane Ball

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Shortages of nurses are one of the biggest challenges healthcare systems face around the world. Given the wide range of contexts and individuals working in nursing, a ‘one-size-fits-all’ retention strategy is unlikely to be effective. Knowing what matters most to nurses at different career stages would help employers and policy-makers who want to enhance nurse retention to design tailored strategies.

Objective

To review and synthesise findings from recently published literature on the push-pull factors influencing nurses' decisions at the micro level, to enter and stay (or leave) at key career stages (i.e. pre-career, training, early-, mid- and late-career, and return to practice).

Methods

We undertook a set of structured searches of the literature and a narrative synthesis to explore factors that motivate individuals to enter the nursing profession and the push-pull factors influencing nurse retention at different career stages. Electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Scopus and Embase were searched in December 2022 (and updated in November 2023) for English language publications. Additional health workforce sources, such as King's Fund and Nuffield Trust, were also searched.

Results

227 articles met the criteria for inclusion in the narrative review. Some push-pull factors were common to nurses across all career stages, including workplace support, flexible schedule patterns, opportunities for career advancement, fair treatment and salaries. In contrast, some challenges and push-pull factors were unique to each career stage. Students experienced difficulty in adjusting and balancing education and life; early-career nurses experienced transition shocks; mid-career nurses were frustrated by the lack of career advancement; late-career nurses desired more recognition; nurses returning to practice were discouraged by their lack of confidence and the cost of return-to-practice courses.

Conclusion

Our findings reinforce the view that factors influencing nurses' choices about whether to enter, continue or leave nursing jobs are multi-factorial and multi-dimensional. Policy and employment practices should be informed by research that has a more nuanced insight into what matters most to whom and at what career stage.

Tweetable abstract

Nuanced insight into motivations is needed to attract and retain a mix of nurse throughout their careers @ZEjebu @julia_philippou @JaneEball.

查看原文本刊更多论文

来来去去：探索护士职业生涯中推拉因素的叙事回顾。

背景：护士短缺是全球医疗保健系统面临的最大挑战之一。鉴于从事护理工作的环境和个人范围广泛，"一刀切 "的留用策略不太可能有效。了解什么对处于不同职业阶段的护士最重要，将有助于那些希望提高护士留用率的雇主和政策制定者设计有针对性的策略：综述最近发表的有关影响护士在关键职业生涯阶段（即职业生涯前期、培训、职业生涯早期、中期和后期以及重返工作岗位）决定的微观推拉因素的文献：我们进行了一系列结构化的文献检索和叙述性综述，以探讨促使个人进入护理行业的因素以及影响护士在不同职业阶段留任的推拉因素。2022 年 12 月（2023 年 11 月更新），对电子数据库 CINAHL、Medline、Scopus 和 Embase 中的英文出版物进行了检索。结果：227 篇文章符合纳入叙事性综述的标准。护士在各个职业阶段都会遇到一些共同的推拉因素，包括工作场所支持、灵活的时间安排模式、职业晋升机会、公平待遇和薪酬。相比之下，有些挑战和推拉因素则是每个职业阶段所特有的。学生在调整和平衡教育与生活方面遇到困难；早期职业生涯的护士经历了转型冲击；中期职业生涯的护士因缺乏职业发展而感到沮丧；晚期职业生涯的护士希望得到更多认可；重返执业岗位的护士因缺乏自信和重返执业岗位课程的费用而感到气馁：我们的调查结果表明，影响护士选择进入、继续或离开护理工作岗位的因素是多因素和多层面的。Tweetable摘要：要想在护士的整个职业生涯中吸引并留住各类护士，就需要对其工作动机进行细致入微的了解@ZEjebu @julia_philippou @JaneEball.

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Nursing Studies 医学-护理

CiteScore

15.00

自引率

2.50%

发文量

181

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Nursing Studies (IJNS) is a highly respected journal that has been publishing original peer-reviewed articles since 1963. It provides a forum for original research and scholarship about health care delivery, organisation, management, workforce, policy, and research methods relevant to nursing, midwifery, and other health related professions. The journal aims to support evidence informed policy and practice by publishing research, systematic and other scholarly reviews, critical discussion, and commentary of the highest standard. The IJNS is indexed in major databases including PubMed, Medline, Thomson Reuters - Science Citation Index, Scopus, Thomson Reuters - Social Science Citation Index, CINAHL, and the BNI (British Nursing Index).