Development of Symptom Specific Dysphagia Quality of Life Questionnaire in Tamil.

Abstract

Background: Swallowing intricately involves sensorimotor systems, pivotal for integrating upper digestive and respiratory functions. Dysphagia, challenging swallowing, often precipitates anxiety and depression, deeply affecting the quality of life (QOL). Understanding patient-centric symptoms is vital for assessing dysphagia's QOL impact.

Aim: This study aimed at developing and validating the Symptom Specific Dysphagia Quality of Life Questionnaire in Tamil (SSDQOL-T).

Method: SSDQOL-T was developed in Tamil and underwent rigorous content validation. This questionnaire was administered to 120 normal individuals and 32 dysphagia patients, assessing various swallowing difficulties and their QOL impact.

Results: Results indicate SSDQOL-T's good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.78). Significant differences in swallowing ability and QOL were noted across age groups, with older adults experiencing heightened symptoms. A high significance in mean score was obtained between healthy adults and dysphagia across all sub-domains with a 'p-value' of 0.0005. Symptoms that were found to have high significance were cough/gag reflex, regurgitation, odynophagia, globus sensation, heartburn and tiredness when compared between mechanical and degenerative dysphagia group. Strong correlations were found between SSDQOL-T scores and the Dysphagia Handicap Index in Tamil (r = 0.89).

Conclusion: The SSDQOL-T questionnaire provides a robust tool for evaluating dysphagia-related QOL in the Tamil-speaking population. Its validation underscores its clinical relevance and utility for understanding the multidimensional impact of dysphagia. This study emphasizes the importance of culturally sensitive assessment tools in comprehensively evaluating dysphagia's QOL implications.