Combining Masculinizing Resistance, Rotation, and Biocontrol to Achieve Durable Suppression of the Potato Pale Cyst Nematode: A Model

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Israël Tankam Chedjou, Josselin Montarry, Sylvain Fournet, Frédéric M. Hamelin
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Abstract

The pale cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, is a pest that poses a significant threat to potato crops worldwide. The most effective chemical nematicides are toxic to nontarget organisms and are now banned. Alternative control methods are therefore required. Crop rotation and biological control methods have limitations for effectively managing nematodes. The use of genetically resistant cultivars is a promising alternative, but nematode populations evolve, and virulent mutants can break resistance after just a few years. Masculinizing resistances, preventing avirulent nematodes from producing females, might be more durable than blocking resistances, preventing infection. Our demo-genetic model, tracking both nematode population densities and virulence allele frequencies, shows that virulence against masculinizing resistance may not be fixed in the pest population under realistic agricultural conditions. Avirulence may persist despite the uniform use of resistance. This is because avirulent male nematodes may transmit avirulent alleles to their progeny by mating with virulent females. Additionally, because avirulent nematodes do not produce females themselves, they weaken the reproductive rate of the nematode population, leading to a reduction in its density by at least 20%. This avirulence load can even lead to the collapse of the nematode population in theory. Overall, our model showed that combining masculinizing resistance, rotation, and biocontrol may achieve durable suppression of G. pallida in a reasonable time frame. Our work is supported by an online interactive interface allowing users (i.e., growers, plant health authorities, researchers) to test their own control combinations.

Abstract Image

将抗药性、轮作和生物防治结合起来,实现对马铃薯苍白囊线虫的持久抑制:一个模型
苍白囊线虫(Globodera pallida)是一种对全球马铃薯作物构成重大威胁的害虫。最有效的化学杀线虫剂对非目标生物有毒,现已被禁用。因此需要采用替代控制方法。轮作和生物防治方法在有效控制线虫方面存在局限性。使用具有基因抗性的栽培品种是一种很有前景的替代方法,但线虫种群会不断进化,毒性突变体在短短几年后就会打破抗性。与阻止线虫感染的阻断抗性相比,阻止无毒线虫产生雌性线虫的雄性化抗性可能更持久。我们的人口遗传学模型同时跟踪线虫种群密度和毒力等位基因频率,结果表明,在现实的农业条件下,针对男性化抗性的毒力可能不会在害虫种群中固定下来。尽管统一使用抗性,但无毒性可能会持续存在。这是因为无毒雄性线虫可能会通过与有毒雌性线虫交配,将无毒等位基因传给后代。此外,由于无毒线虫本身不产生雌虫,它们会削弱线虫种群的繁殖率,导致其密度至少降低 20%。理论上,这种无毒负荷甚至会导致线虫种群的崩溃。总之,我们的模型表明,将抗药性、轮作和生物防治结合起来,可以在合理的时间范围内实现对 G. pallida 的持久抑制。我们的工作得到了在线互动界面的支持,允许用户(即种植者、植物健康机构、研究人员)测试自己的防治组合。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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