{"title":"Discrete element-based numerical simulation and failure mechanism analysis of anti-dip rock slopes","authors":"Minglong You, Defu Tong, Fei Tan, Jiahe Lv","doi":"10.1007/s10064-024-03908-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anti-dip rock slopes are common in nature, and it is necessary to investigate their failure mechanism. In this study, a numerical calculation model of anti-dip rock slopes was established using the discrete element method. The failure mechanism of the anti-dip slopes was analyzed from macro- and meso-views, and the flexural toppling failure characteristics and development of the anti-dip slopes failure zone were investigated. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified using the model test. Furthermore, the influence of the height-width ratio and the bedding surface bonding strength of the anti-dip rock slope was analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the slope angle and rock bed inclination affect the dip angle of flexural toppling failure and the shape of the failure zone, thereby affecting the slope stability. As the slope angle and rock bed inclination increase, the tendency of flexural toppling becomes more pronounced and the shape of the failure zone becomes steeper. Excessive height-width ratio led to incomplete development, steeper shape, and poorer stability of the failure zone. The slope stability increased when the bonding strength of the joints increased but decreased vice versa. The DEM simulation and model test of the anti-dip rock slope can achieve the expected effect when the height-width ratio is no greater than 3:2. The friction coefficient <i>µ</i> of the joints had the greatest influence on <i>θ</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>ϕ</i><sub>1</sub>, and the normal-to-shear stiffness ratio <i>k</i><sub><i>ns</i></sub>/<i>k</i><sub><i>ss</i></sub> had the greatest influence on the slope displacement. These results provide a reference for analyzing the failure mechanism and stability evaluation of anti-dip rock slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-024-03908-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Anti-dip rock slopes are common in nature, and it is necessary to investigate their failure mechanism. In this study, a numerical calculation model of anti-dip rock slopes was established using the discrete element method. The failure mechanism of the anti-dip slopes was analyzed from macro- and meso-views, and the flexural toppling failure characteristics and development of the anti-dip slopes failure zone were investigated. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified using the model test. Furthermore, the influence of the height-width ratio and the bedding surface bonding strength of the anti-dip rock slope was analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that the slope angle and rock bed inclination affect the dip angle of flexural toppling failure and the shape of the failure zone, thereby affecting the slope stability. As the slope angle and rock bed inclination increase, the tendency of flexural toppling becomes more pronounced and the shape of the failure zone becomes steeper. Excessive height-width ratio led to incomplete development, steeper shape, and poorer stability of the failure zone. The slope stability increased when the bonding strength of the joints increased but decreased vice versa. The DEM simulation and model test of the anti-dip rock slope can achieve the expected effect when the height-width ratio is no greater than 3:2. The friction coefficient µ of the joints had the greatest influence on θ2 and ϕ1, and the normal-to-shear stiffness ratio kns/kss had the greatest influence on the slope displacement. These results provide a reference for analyzing the failure mechanism and stability evaluation of anti-dip rock slopes.
期刊介绍：
Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces:
• the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations;
• the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change;
• the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses;
• the prediction of changes to the above properties with time;
• the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.
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