Olfaction and thyroid hormones in patients with subjective cognitive decline, non-amnestic and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s00508-024-02431-4

Sania Nasserzare, Johann Lehrner

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Abstract

Background

Thyroid hormones may affect olfaction in different stages of cognitive impairment: subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic (naMCI) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, biometric parameters, depression, and neuropsychological performance are considered as possible influencing factors.

Design and patients

A retrospective single-center data analysis was conducted during the observation period 2001–2023, with n = 495 (52.3% female) SCD, naMCI and aMCI subjects, aged ≥50 years, at the General Hospital of Vienna.

Measurements

The criterion olfactory function was objectively measured by Sniffin’ Sticks© odor identification and subjectively through the Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning test. Serum thyroid hormone levels, mainly thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as T3, T4, fT3, and fT4, were used to assess thyroid function. Statistical analyses using IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 covered adjusted multiple linear regression models with hierarchical blocks to predict olfactory performance considering β‑weights.

Results

Of the study participants, 4.2% had hypothyroidism and 2.4% had hyperthyroidism. The majority exhibited normal thyroid function. One third (33.5%; 95% confidence interval, CI 29.4–37.0%) were hyposmic. The results indicate no substantial association between thyroid and olfactory functions. Increasing age (β = 0.20), lower performance in the Neuropsychological Test Battery Vienna (NTBV) dimensions verbal memory (β = −0.33) and attention (β = −0.12) appear to be risk factors for lower olfaction. A discrepancy between subjective and objective olfaction was found.

Conclusion

Thyroid and olfactory functions had no substantial relationship. Higher fT4 correlated weakly with lower odor identification. Increasing age and decreased performance in two out of six NTBV dimensions are relevant prognostic factors for olfactory dysfunction.

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主观认知功能减退、非症状性和症状性轻度认知障碍患者的嗅觉和甲状腺激素

背景甲状腺激素可能会影响认知障碍不同阶段的嗅觉：主观认知功能减退（SCD）、非症状性轻度认知障碍（naMCI）和症状性轻度认知障碍（aMCI）。此外，生物计量参数、抑郁和神经心理学表现也被认为是可能的影响因素。设计与患者在 2001-2023 年的观察期内，对维也纳总医院的 495 名（52.3% 为女性）年龄≥50 岁的 SCD、naMCI 和 aMCI 受试者进行了回顾性单中心数据分析。血清甲状腺激素水平（主要是促甲状腺激素）以及 T3、T4、fT3 和 fT4 用于评估甲状腺功能。使用 IBM SPSS® 29.0.0 进行统计分析，采用分层块调整多元线性回归模型预测嗅觉表现，并考虑到 β 权重。大多数人的甲状腺功能正常。三分之一（33.5%；95% 置信区间，CI 29.4-37.0%）的人甲状腺功能低下。结果表明，甲状腺和嗅觉功能之间没有实质性的联系。年龄的增加（β = 0.20）、维也纳神经心理测试（NTBV）维度言语记忆（β = -0.33）和注意力（β = -0.12）表现较差似乎是导致嗅觉减退的危险因素。结论甲状腺和嗅觉功能没有实质性的关系。较高的 fT4 与较低的气味识别能力呈弱相关。年龄的增加和NTBV六个维度中两个维度表现的下降是嗅觉功能障碍的相关预后因素。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.