97 Influence of cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) on enteric methane emission, feeding behavior, and nutrients digestibility in beef steers receiving a finishing diet

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae234.371

Wilmer Cuervo, Federico Tarnonsky, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Araceli B Maderal, Andres Fernandez-Lehman, Federico Podversich, Tessa M M Schulmeister, Lucas Gonzalez, Cristian Erazo-Mendez, Nicolas DiLorenzo

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Abstract

Feedlots have a crucial role in meeting the increasing global demand for meat. Despite ongoing efforts to improve feed efficiency in finishing diets, cattle in feedlots may experience methane (CH4) losses ranging from 2 to 12% of dietary gross energy (GE). Identifying strategies to mitigate energy losses in finishing diets is imperative for ensuring the sustainability of beef production. Anacardic acid, contained in the cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) has shown promising results in reducing CH4 emissions in forage-based diets; however, its impact on high-grain diets remains to be analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CNSE addition (5 gּ steer-1ּ d-1) in a finishing diet (85:15% grain: forage) on in vivo enteric CH4 emissions, apparent total tract digestibility, and feeding behavior. It was hypothesized that CNSE addition to a finishing diet would reduce enteric CH4 emissions without reducing feed intake or nutrient digestibility. To this aim, Angus crossbred steers (n = 16; 599 ± 40 kg) were used in a crossover design with two periods of 56 d each. Steers were adapted (14 d) to the finishing diet and assigned to receive CNSE or no additive (CON). The diet was offered twice daily as a total mixed ration (TMR) in the feedbunk, while CNSE was independently delivered through the Super SmartFeed system (C-Lock, Inc, Rapid City, SD) using ground corn gluten feed as a carrier. In vivo CH4 emissions, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and feeding behavior were analyzed. Data were recorded during 35 d after the adaptation, followed by 7 d of washout, and analyzed as a crossover design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Compared with CON, the addition of CNSE increased meal duration (P = 0.03), bunk visit duration (P < 0.01), and dry matter intake (DMI) of TMR (P = 0.03) by 25, 23, and 7%, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was increased (P = 0.02) by CNSE addition. Steers receiving CNSE, had a reduction in enteric CH4 emission rate (g/d; P < 0.001), yield (g/kg of DMI; P < 0.001), and intensity (g/kg of average daily gain; P < 0.01) in 29, 32, and 39% respectively. The loss of dietary GE as CH4 was reduced in CNSE (3.2 vs. 4.7%) compared with CON (P < 0.01). This study showed that CNSE at the evaluated inclusion rate, reduced CH4 yield and emission intensity by more than 31% in beef steers receiving a finishing diet. Moreover, given that CNSE addition promoted a longer feed bunk occupancy and a greater TMR intake, it could be suggested that the observed CH4 mitigation may be linked to shifts in ruminal fermentation rather than changes in DMI.

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97 腰果壳提取物（CNSE）对育成日粮中肉牛肠道甲烷排放、采食行为和营养物质消化率的影响

饲养场在满足全球日益增长的肉类需求方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管人们一直在努力提高育成日粮的饲料效率，但饲养场中的牛可能会损失日粮总能量（GE）的 2% 到 12% 不等的甲烷（CH4）。要确保牛肉生产的可持续性，就必须找到减少育成日粮能量损失的策略。腰果壳提取物（CNSE）中所含的二十八烷酸在减少饲草日粮中的甲烷排放量方面已显示出良好的效果，但其对高粒日粮的影响仍有待分析。因此，本研究旨在评估在育成日粮（85:15% 谷物：饲草）中添加腰果壳提取物（5 gּ steer-1ּ d-1）对体内肠道甲烷排放量、表观总消化率和采食行为的影响。假设在育成日粮中添加 CNSE 将减少肠道 CH4 排放量，而不会降低采食量或营养消化率。为此，研究人员对安格斯杂交母牛（n = 16；599 ± 40 千克）进行了两期各 56 天的交叉设计。阉牛适应精饲料（14 天），并被分配接受 CNSE 或不添加添加剂（CON）。日粮作为全混合日粮（TMR）每天在饲槽中提供两次，而 CNSE 则通过超级智能饲料系统（C-Lock, Inc, Rapid City, SD）以磨碎的玉米麸皮饲料为载体独立提供。对体内 CH4 排放量、营养物质的表观总消化率和采食行为进行了分析。在适应后的 35 天内记录数据，然后进行 7 天的冲洗，并使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序进行交叉设计分析。与CON相比，添加CNSE后，TMR的进餐持续时间（P = 0.03）、巡仓持续时间（P < 0.01）和干物质摄入量（DMI）（P = 0.03）分别增加了25%、23%和7%。添加 CNSE 提高了干物质消化率（P = 0.02）。接受 CNSE 的陡坡牛的肠道 CH4 排放率（克/天；P < 0.001）、产量（克/千克 DMI；P < 0.001）和强度（克/千克平均日增重；P < 0.01）分别降低了 29%、32% 和 39%。与对照组相比，CNSE 组以 CH4 形式损失的日粮 GE 更少（3.2% 对 4.7%）（P &;lt;0.01）。这项研究表明，按照所评估的添加率添加 CNSE，可使接受育成日粮的肉牛的 CH4 产量和排放强度降低 31% 以上。此外，考虑到添加 CNSE 会延长饲料铺位占用时间和增加 TMR 摄入量，可以认为所观察到的 CH4 减排可能与瘤胃发酵的变化而非 DMI 的变化有关。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.