Biochar Amendments to Improve Soil Phosphorus Fertility and Retention in Canadian Prairie Soils

IF 3.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Anèl Dannhauser, Jeff J. Schoenau, Ryan D. Hangs, Biswa R. Patra, Ajay K. Dalai
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Abstract

The utilization of biochar, a carbonaceous substance derived from pyrolysis, has been extensively investigated in various agricultural settings. However, applying biochar to Canadian prairie soils without additional fertilizer treatments generates minimal benefits for crop productivity. This study investigated the effects of biochar amendments, with and without addition of Triple Superphosphate (TSP) fertilizer, on phosphorus (P) availability and retention in Canadian prairie crops and soils. Specifically, the study assessed crop yield, P uptake and recovery by canola plants, soil P retention, infiltration rates and P losses in simulated snowmelt runoff. Controlled environment and field studies were conducted with biochar and TSP fertilizer on nutrient deficient soils in the Saskatchewan Brown and Black soil zones. Under both growth chamber and field conditions, biochar derived from canola hull, manure, and willow feedstocks were shown to contribute some available P for plant uptake, with observed recovery of biochar P by canola up to ca. 50% of that found for TSP fertilizer. Among these biochar feedstocks canola meal biochar was least effective in supplying plant available P in the year of application. Willow biochar applied alone, or co-applied with TSP, may be an effective strategy for reducing P losses in snowmelt runoff compared with TSP alone and willow biochar also contributed to increased water infiltration. Biochars can potentially benefit canola production by enhancing P nutrition and recovery. Moreover, a balance may be obtained between biochar supplying P during the growing season, while reducing P losses in the spring snowmelt runoff.

Abstract Image

用生物炭改良剂提高加拿大草原土壤的磷肥和保肥能力
生物炭是一种由热解产生的碳质物质,其利用已在各种农业环境中得到广泛研究。然而,在加拿大草原土壤中施用生物炭而不添加化肥处理,对作物产量的益处微乎其微。本研究调查了生物炭添加剂(添加或不添加三重过磷酸钙(TSP)肥料)对加拿大草原作物和土壤中磷(P)的可用性和保留的影响。具体而言,该研究评估了作物产量、油菜植物对磷的吸收和恢复、土壤对磷的保留、渗透率以及模拟融雪径流中磷的损失。在萨斯喀彻温省棕壤和黑土区养分缺乏的土壤上,使用生物炭和 TSP 肥料进行了受控环境和实地研究。在生长室和田间条件下,从油菜籽壳、粪便和柳树原料中提取的生物炭都能为植物吸收提供一些可用的钾,观察到油菜籽对生物炭钾的吸收率约为 TSP 肥料的 50%。在这些生物炭原料中,油菜粉生物炭在施用当年供应植物可用钾的效果最差。与单独施用 TSP 相比,单独施用柳树生物炭或与 TSP 联合施用柳树生物炭可能是减少融雪径流中 P 损失的有效策略,而且柳树生物炭还有助于增加水分渗透。生物炭可以提高钾的营养和回收率,从而为油菜生产带来潜在益处。此外,生物炭可在生长季节提供钾,同时减少春季融雪径流中的钾损失,两者之间可取得平衡。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Soil Science
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.30%
发文量
331
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science. Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration. Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies. Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome. The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.
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