Mechanical impact of regional structural deterioration and tissue-level compensation on proximal femur trabecular bone

IF 4.3 3区工程技术 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1448708

Chenglong Feng, Ke Zhang, Shi Zhan, Yuxiong Gan, Xinhao Xiang, Wenxin Niu

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Abstract

IntroductionOsteoporosis-induced changes in bone structure and composition significantly reduce bone strength, particularly in the human proximal femur. This study examines how these changes affect the mechanical performance of trabecular bone to enhance diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.MethodsA proximal femur sample was scanned using micro-CT at 40 μm resolution. Five regions of interest were selected within the femoral head, femoral neck, and greater trochanter. Structural models simulating various stages of osteoporosis were created using image processing software. Micro-finite element analysis evaluated the mechanical properties of trabecular bone under different conditions of structural deterioration and tissue-level elastic modulus variations. The combined effects of structural deterioration and tissue-level mechanical properties on trabecular bone mechanical performance were further analyzed.ResultsThe mechanical performance of trabecular bone generally follows a power-law relationship with its microstructural characteristics. However, in any specific region, the apparent mechanical properties linearly decrease with structural deterioration. The femoral neck and greater trochanter are more sensitive to structural deterioration than the femoral head. A 5% bone mass loss in the femoral head led to a 7% reduction in mechanical performance, while the femoral neck experienced a 12% loss. Increasing tissue-level elastic modulus improved mechanical performance, partially offsetting bone mass reduction effects.ConclusionTrabecular bone in low bone mass regions is more affected by bone mass loss. Structural deterioration primarily reduces bone strength, but improvements in tissue-level properties can mitigate this effect, especially in early osteoporosis. Targeted assessments and interventions are crucial for effective management. Future research should explore heterogeneous deterioration models to better understand osteoporosis progression.

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区域结构退化和组织水平补偿对股骨近端骨小梁的机械影响

引言骨质疏松症引起的骨结构和成分变化会显著降低骨强度，尤其是在人体股骨近端。本研究探讨了这些变化如何影响骨小梁的机械性能，以加强诊断、预防和治疗策略。方法使用分辨率为 40 μm 的显微 CT 扫描股骨近端样本。在股骨头、股骨颈和大转子内选择了五个感兴趣的区域。使用图像处理软件创建了模拟不同阶段骨质疏松症的结构模型。微有限元分析评估了骨小梁在不同结构退化和组织弹性模量变化条件下的机械性能。结果骨小梁的力学性能一般与其微结构特征呈幂律关系。然而，在任何特定区域，表观力学性能都会随着结构退化而线性下降。与股骨头相比，股骨颈和大转子对结构退化更为敏感。股骨头的骨质减少 5%，机械性能就会降低 7%，而股骨颈的骨质减少 12%。增加组织级弹性模量可改善机械性能，部分抵消骨量减少的影响。结构退化主要会降低骨强度，但改善组织层面的性能可以减轻这种影响，尤其是在早期骨质疏松症中。有针对性的评估和干预是有效管理的关键。未来的研究应探索异质性退化模型，以更好地了解骨质疏松症的进展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

5.30%

发文量

2270

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs. In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.

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