Risks and long-term prognosis of new-onset heart failure after de novo permanent pacemaker implantation: nationwide cohort study

Abstract

Background Previous studies on pacemaker-associated heart failure (PaHF) have predominantly analyzed relatively small, single-center datasets, mainly focusing on incidence and predictors. However, the clinical implications of PaHF on mortality, particularly in relation to standard HF medications or upgrading to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), has been underexplored.