Reduced contextual uncertainty facilitates learning what to attend to and what to ignore

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Chris Jungerius, Sophie Perizonius, Heleen A. Slagter
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Abstract

Variability in the search environment has been shown to affect the capture of attention by salient distractors, as attentional capture is reduced when context variability is low. However, it remains unclear whether this reduction in capture is caused by contextual learning or other mechanisms, grounded in generic context-structure learning. We set out to test this by training participants (n = 200) over two sessions in a visual search task, conducted online, where they gained experience with a small subset of search displays, which significantly reduced capture of attention by colour singletons. In a third session, we then tested participants on a mix of familiar and novel search displays and examined whether this reduction in capture was specific to familiar displays, indicative of contextual cueing effects, or would generalise to novel displays. We found no capture by the singleton in either the familiar or novel condition. Instead, our findings suggested that reduced statistical volatility reduced capture by allowing the development of generic predictions about task-relevant locations and features of the display. These findings add to the current debate about the determinants of capture by salient distractors by showing that capture is also affected by generic task regularities and by the volatility of the learning environment.

Abstract Image

减少背景的不确定性有助于学习关注什么、忽略什么
研究表明,搜索环境的多变性会影响突出分心物对注意力的捕捉,因为当情境多变性较低时,注意力捕捉就会减少。然而,这种捕捉能力的下降是由情境学习引起的,还是由基于一般情境-结构学习的其他机制引起的,目前仍不清楚。为了测试这一点,我们对参与者(n = 200)进行了两次在线视觉搜索任务训练,让他们获得了一小部分搜索显示的经验,从而显著降低了单色显示对注意力的捕获。在第三个环节中,我们用熟悉的和新奇的搜索显示对参与者进行了测试,并研究了这种捕获的减少是否只针对熟悉的显示,即上下文线索效应,或者是否会推广到新奇的显示。我们发现,在熟悉或新颖的条件下,都没有发现单子捕捉。相反,我们的研究结果表明,统计不稳定性的降低会减少捕捉,因为它允许对任务相关的显示位置和特征进行一般性预测。这些研究结果表明,捕获也会受到一般任务规律性和学习环境波动性的影响,从而为当前关于显著分心物捕获决定因素的讨论增添了新的内容。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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