Integer Topological Defects Reveal Effective Forces in Active Nematics

Zihui Zhao, Yisong Yao, He Li, Yongfeng Zhao, Yujia Wang, Hepeng Zhang, Hugues Chat'e, Masaki Sano
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Abstract

Cell layers are often categorized as contractile or extensile active nematics but recent experiments on neural progenitor cells with induced $+1$ topological defects challenge this classification. In a bottom-up approach, we first study a relevant particle-level model and then analyze a continuous theory derived from it. We show that both model and theory account qualitatively for the main experimental result, i.e. accumulation of cells at the core of any type of +1 defect. We argue that cell accumulation is essentially due to two generally ignored 'effective active forces'. We finally discuss the relevance and consequences of our findings in the context of other cellular active nematics experiments and previously proposed theories.
整数拓扑缺陷揭示活性向列的有效作用力
细胞层通常被归类为收缩型或伸展型活性线粒体,但最近对具有诱导+1美元拓扑缺陷的神经祖细胞进行的实验对这一分类提出了挑战。我们采用一种自下而上的方法,首先研究了一个相关的粒子级模型,然后分析了从该模型推导出的连续理论。我们证明,模型和理论都能定性地解释主要实验结果,即细胞在任何类型的+1缺陷核心处聚集。我们认为,细胞聚集本质上是由于两种普遍被忽视的 "有效主动力"。最后,我们结合其他细胞主动线粒体实验和之前提出的理论,讨论了我们的发现的意义和后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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