Reduced Spring Precipitation Bias and Associated Physical Causes over South China in FGOALS-f3 Climate Models: Experiments with the Horizontal Resolutions

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Peng Zi, Yimin Liu, Jiandong Li, Ruowen Yang, Bian He, Qing Bao
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Abstract

Considerable spring precipitation occurs over South China (SC), a region that is adjacent to large-scale Asian topography and oceans. Its reasonable simulation is crucial for improving regional climate predictability. This study investigates spring precipitation biases over SC and their possible causes in atmosphere-only and coupled Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System finite-volume version 3 (FGOALS-f3) models with different horizontal resolutions. The performance of spring precipitation simulation over SC varies across different FGOALS-f3 model versions, with the best reproducibility in the high-resolution coupled model (25 km). In the low-resolution atmosphere-only model (100–125 km), the precipitation dry bias over SC is closely linked to overestimated surface sensible forcing over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), which weakens the subtropical anticyclone over the western Pacific (SAWP) through regional circulation responses. By contrast, the high-resolution atmosphere-only model further amplifies surface thermal forcing in the Asian continents, causing intensified land-sea thermal contrast between the Southeast Asian continents and western Pacific, enhanced southerly winds and SAWP, and increased water vapor transport into SC. Meanwhile, the reduced middle-high level cold bias over 10°–30°N in the high-resolution atmosphere-only model intensifies the East Asian westerly jet and ascent over SC, leading to enhanced spring precipitation there. The high-resolution coupled model simulation not only reduces sea surface cold bias over the Bay of Bengal, thus intensifying the Indian-Burma trough and strengthening low-level water vapor transport into SC, but also enhances ascent over SC. As a result, the high-resolution coupled model better reproduces the magnitude and pattern of spring precipitation over SC than its atmosphere-only model. Compared with low-resolution models, the domain-mean spring precipitation dry bias decreases by 11.2% over SC in the high-resolution atmosphere-only model and by 35.9% in the coupled model. These results demonstrate that the high-resolution FGOALS-f3 models can improve simulations of the influencing atmospheric circulations and spring precipitation over SC.

FGOALS-f3 气候模式中华南地区春季降水偏差减少及其相关物理原因:水平分辨率实验
华南地区毗邻亚洲大尺度地形和海洋,春季降水量较大。对其进行合理模拟对于提高区域气候的可预测性至关重要。本研究调查了不同水平分辨率的纯大气模式和全球海洋-大气-陆地灵活系统有限体积版 3(FGOALS-f3)耦合模式在华南地区春季降水偏差及其可能原因。不同版本的 FGOALS-f3 模式对南极洲春季降水模拟的表现各不相同,其中高分辨率耦合模式(25 公里)的再现性最好。在低分辨率纯大气模式(100-125 千米)中,南极洲上空的降水偏干与青藏高原东部高估的地表可感强迫密切相关,它通过区域环流响应削弱了西太平洋上空的副热带反气旋。相比之下,高分辨率纯大气模式进一步放大了亚洲大陆的地表热强迫,导致东南亚大陆与西太平洋之间的陆海热对比增强,偏南风和副热带反气旋增强,进入南中国海的水汽输送增加。同时,在高分辨率纯大气模式中,北纬10°-30°上空的中高空冷偏压减弱,加强了南极洲上空的东亚西风射流和上升,导致南极洲春季降水增强。高分辨率耦合模式模拟不仅减少了孟加拉湾上空的海面冷偏差,从而加强了印缅槽,增强了进入南极洲的低层水汽输送,而且增强了南极洲上空的上升。因此,高分辨率耦合模式比纯大气模式更好地再现了南中国海春季降水的规模和模式。与低分辨率模式相比,在高分辨率纯大气模式中,SC 上的域均值春季降水干偏减少了 11.2%,在耦合模式中减少了 35.9%。这些结果表明,高分辨率 FGOALS-f3 模式可以改善对南极洲上空影响大气环流和春季降水的模拟。
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来源期刊
Journal of Meteorological Research
Journal of Meteorological Research METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: Journal of Meteorological Research (previously known as Acta Meteorologica Sinica) publishes the latest achievements and developments in the field of atmospheric sciences. Coverage is broad, including topics such as pure and applied meteorology; climatology and climate change; marine meteorology; atmospheric physics and chemistry; cloud physics and weather modification; numerical weather prediction; data assimilation; atmospheric sounding and remote sensing; atmospheric environment and air pollution; radar and satellite meteorology; agricultural and forest meteorology and more.
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