Exploring the effect of experimental conditions on the synthesis and stability of alginate–gelatin coacervates

IF 3.1 4区 工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE
Marcos Blanco‐López, Alejandro Marcos‐García, Álvaro González‐Garcinuño, Antonio Tabernero, Eva M. Martín del Valle
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Abstract

Alginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.
探索实验条件对藻酸盐-明胶共凝胶的合成和稳定性的影响
通过考虑不同的实验参数,如明胶预热、pH 值、藻酸盐-明胶比例和各自的浓度以及盐的影响,对藻酸盐-明胶共凝胶进行了研究。研究结果通过动态光散射法对粒度和多分散性进行了评估,通过 zeta 电位测量法对表面静电荷进行了评估,通过静态光散射法对静电相互作用力进行了评估,通过浊度测量法对稳定性进行了评估,通过流变学(振荡和统计分析)对粘弹性和假塑性行为进行了评估。研究结果表明,明胶结构必须经过事先改变,才能在降低 pH 值后产生适当的相互作用。具体来说,在 37°C 预热明胶,然后降低 pH 值至 4-5(海藻酸盐与明胶的比例为 1:4 至 1:6)后,可获得粒度为 300-600 nm、多分散度低于 0.25 的稳定凝聚液(根据浊度仪和动态光散射法)。然而,不同的实验条件会导致共凝结不成功,得到的总是沉淀物和/或粒度分布更广的共凝胶。此外,为了研究温度对共凝胶的影响,我们在一周内对共凝胶进行了不同的冷却-加热循环,结果显示热可逆共凝胶在近 5 天内都保持稳定。此外,还通过静态光散射对相互作用进行了表征,分析了第二维里系数。此外,流变振荡结果可用于识别因存储模量增加而产生的适当共凝聚。不过,由于前驱体溶液具有高度稀释的特性,通过统计分析没有观察到明显的变化。这些结果突显了成功制备共凝胶需要不同实验条件的适当组合,主要是温度促进明胶部分解离和 pH 值降低。最后,当在稳定的共凝胶溶液中加入越来越多的氯化钠时,盐效应被证明会诱发沉淀。
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来源期刊
Polymers for Advanced Technologies
Polymers for Advanced Technologies 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
337
审稿时长
2.1 months
期刊介绍: Polymers for Advanced Technologies is published in response to recent significant changes in the patterns of materials research and development. Worldwide attention has been focused on the critical importance of materials in the creation of new devices and systems. It is now recognized that materials are often the limiting factor in bringing a new technical concept to fruition and that polymers are often the materials of choice in these demanding applications. A significant portion of the polymer research ongoing in the world is directly or indirectly related to the solution of complex, interdisciplinary problems whose successful resolution is necessary for achievement of broad system objectives. Polymers for Advanced Technologies is focused to the interest of scientists and engineers from academia and industry who are participating in these new areas of polymer research and development. It is the intent of this journal to impact the polymer related advanced technologies to meet the challenge of the twenty-first century. Polymers for Advanced Technologies aims at encouraging innovation, invention, imagination and creativity by providing a broad interdisciplinary platform for the presentation of new research and development concepts, theories and results which reflect the changing image and pace of modern polymer science and technology. Polymers for Advanced Technologies aims at becoming the central organ of the new multi-disciplinary polymer oriented materials science of the highest scientific standards. It will publish original research papers on finished studies; communications limited to five typewritten pages plus three illustrations, containing experimental details; review articles of up to 40 pages; letters to the editor and book reviews. Review articles will normally be published by invitation. The Editor-in-Chief welcomes suggestions for reviews.
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