GRB 221009A: the B.O.A.T Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

arXiv - PHYS - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI:arxiv-2409.04580

M. AxelssonFermi LAT collaboration, M. AjelloFermi LAT collaboration, M. ArimotoFermi LAT collaboration, L. BaldiniFermi LAT collaboration, J. BalletFermi LAT collaboration, M. G. BaringFermi LAT collaboration, C. BartoliniFermi LAT collaboration, D. BastieriFermi LAT collaboration, J. Becerra GonzalezFermi LAT collaboration, R. BellazziniFermi LAT collaboration, B. BerenjiFermi LAT collaboration, E. BissaldiFermi LAT collaboration, R. D. BlandfordFermi LAT collaboration, R. BoninoFermi LAT collaboration, P. BruelFermi LAT collaboration, S. BusonFermi LAT collaboration, R. A. CameronFermi LAT collaboration, R. CaputoFermi LAT collaboration, P. A. CaraveoFermi LAT collaboration, E. CavazzutiFermi LAT collaboration, C. C. CheungFermi LAT collaboration, G. ChiaroFermi LAT collaboration, N. CibrarioFermi LAT collaboration, S. CipriniFermi LAT collaboration, G. CozzolongoFermi LAT collaboration, P. Cristarella OrestanoFermi LAT collaboration, M. CrnogorcevicFermi LAT collaboration, A. CuocoFermi LAT collaboration, S. CutiniFermi LAT collaboration, F. D'AmmandoFermi LAT collaboration, S. De GaetanoFermi LAT collaboration, N. Di LallaFermi LAT collaboration, A. DineshFermi LAT collaboration, R. Di TriaFermi LAT collaboration, L. Di VenereFermi LAT collaboration, A. DomínguezFermi LAT collaboration, S. J. FeganFermi LAT collaboration, E. C. FerraraFermi LAT collaboration, A. FioriFermi LAT collaboration, A. FranckowiakFermi LAT collaboration, Y. FukazawaFermi LAT collaboration, S. FunkFermi LAT collaboration, P. FuscoFermi LAT collaboration, G. GalantiFermi LAT collaboration, F. GarganoFermi LAT collaboration, C. GasbarraFermi LAT collaboration, S. GermaniFermi LAT collaboration, F. GiacchinoFermi LAT collaboration, N. GigliettoFermi LAT collaboration, M. GilibertiFermi LAT collaboration, R. GillFermi LAT collaboration, F. GiordanoFermi LAT collaboration, M. GirolettiFermi LAT collaboration, J. GranotFermi LAT collaboration, D. GreenFermi LAT collaboration, I. A. GrenierFermi LAT collaboration, S. GuiriecFermi LAT collaboration, M. GustafssonFermi LAT collaboration, M. HashizumeFermi LAT collaboration, E. HaysFermi LAT collaboration, J. W. HewittFermi LAT collaboration, D. HoranFermi LAT collaboration, T. KayanokiFermi LAT collaboration, M. KussFermi LAT collaboration, A. LavironFermi LAT collaboration, J. LiFermi LAT collaboration, I. LiodakisFermi LAT collaboration, F. LongoFermi LAT collaboration, F. LoparcoFermi LAT collaboration, L. LorussoFermi LAT collaboration, B. LottFermi LAT collaboration, M. N. LovelletteFermi LAT collaboration, P. LubranoFermi LAT collaboration, S. MalderaFermi LAT collaboration, D. MalyshevFermi LAT collaboration, A. ManfredaFermi LAT collaboration, G. Martí-DevesaFermi LAT collaboration, R. MartinelliFermi LAT collaboration, I. Martinez CastellanosFermi LAT collaboration, M. N. MazziottaFermi LAT collaboration, J. E. McEneryFermi LAT collaboration, I. MereuFermi LAT collaboration, M. MeyerFermi LAT collaboration, P. F. MichelsonFermi LAT collaboration, N. MirabalFermi LAT collaboration, W. MitthumsiriFermi LAT collaboration, T. MizunoFermi LAT collaboration, P. Monti-GuarnieriFermi LAT collaboration, M. E. MonzaniFermi LAT collaboration, T. MorishitaFermi LAT collaboration, A. MorselliFermi LAT collaboration, I. V. MoskalenkoFermi LAT collaboration, M. NegroFermi LAT collaboration, R. NiwaFermi LAT collaboration, N. OmodeiFermi LAT collaboration, M. OrientiFermi LAT collaboration, E. OrlandoFermi LAT collaboration, D. PanequeFermi LAT collaboration, G. PanzariniFermi LAT collaboration, M. PersicFermi LAT collaboration, M. Pesce-RollinsFermi LAT collaboration, V. PetrosianFermi LAT collaboration, R. PilleraFermi LAT collaboration, F. PironFermi LAT collaboration, T. A. PorterFermi LAT collaboration, G. PrincipeFermi LAT collaboration, J. L. RacusinFermi LAT collaboration, S. RainòFermi LAT collaboration, R. RandoFermi LAT collaboration, B. RaniFermi LAT collaboration, M. RazzanoFermi LAT collaboration, S. RazzaqueFermi LAT collaboration, A. ReimerFermi LAT collaboration, O. ReimerFermi LAT collaboration, F. RydeFermi LAT collaboration, M. Sánchez-CondeFermi LAT collaboration, P. M. Saz ParkinsonFermi LAT collaboration, D. SeriniFermi LAT collaboration, C. SgròFermi LAT collaboration, V. SharmaFermi LAT collaboration, E. J. SiskindFermi LAT collaboration, G. SpandreFermi LAT collaboration, P. SpinelliFermi LAT collaboration, D. J. SusonFermi LAT collaboration, H. TajimaFermi LAT collaboration, D. TakFermi LAT collaboration, J. B. ThayerFermi LAT collaboration, D. F. TorresFermi LAT collaboration, J. ValverdeFermi LAT collaboration, G. ZaharijasFermi LAT collaboration, S. LesageFermi GBM collaboration, M. S. BriggsFermi GBM collaboration, E. BurnsFermi GBM collaboration, S. BalaFermi GBM collaboration, P. N. BhatFermi GBM collaboration, W. H. ClevelandFermi GBM collaboration, S. DalessiFermi GBM collaboration, C. de BarraFermi GBM collaboration, M. GibbyFermi GBM collaboration, M. M. GilesFermi GBM collaboration, R. HamburgFermi GBM collaboration, B. A. HristovFermi GBM collaboration, C. M. HuiFermi GBM collaboration, D. KocevskiFermi GBM collaboration, B. MailyanFermi GBM collaboration, C. MalacariaFermi GBM collaboration, S. McBreenFermi GBM collaboration, S. PoolakkilFermi GBM collaboration, O. J. RobertsFermi GBM collaboration, L. ScottonFermi GBM collaboration, P. VeresFermi GBM collaboration, A. von KienlinFermi GBM collaboration, C. A. Wilson-HodgeFermi GBM collaboration, J. WoodFermi GBM collaboration

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Cristarella OrestanoFermi LAT collaboration, M. CrnogorcevicFermi LAT collaboration, A. CuocoFermi LAT collaboration, S. CutiniFermi LAT collaboration, F. D'AmmandoFermi LAT collaboration, S. De GaetanoFermi LAT collaboration, N. Di LallaFermi LAT collaboration, A. DineshFermi LAT collaboration, R. Di TriaFermi LAT collaboration, L. Di VenereFermi LAT collaboration, A. DomínguezFermi LAT collaboration, S. J. FeganFermi LAT collaboration, E. C. FerraraFermi LAT collaboration, A. FioriFermi LAT collaboration, A. FranckowiakFermi LAT collaboration, Y. FukazawaFermi LAT collaboration, S. FunkFermi LAT collaboration, P. FuscoFermi LAT collaboration, G. GalantiFermi LAT collaboration, F. GarganoFermi LAT collaboration, C. GasbarraFermi LAT collaboration, S. GermaniFermi LAT collaboration, F. GiacchinoFermi LAT collaboration, N. GigliettoFermi LAT collaboration, M. GilibertiFermi LAT collaboration, R. GillFermi LAT collaboration, F. GiordanoFermi LAT collaboration, M. GirolettiFermi LAT collaboration, J. GranotFermi LAT collaboration, D. GreenFermi LAT collaboration, I. A. GrenierFermi LAT collaboration, S. GuiriecFermi LAT collaboration, M. GustafssonFermi LAT collaboration, M. HashizumeFermi LAT collaboration, E. HaysFermi LAT collaboration, J. W. HewittFermi LAT collaboration, D. HoranFermi LAT collaboration, T. KayanokiFermi LAT collaboration, M. KussFermi LAT collaboration, A. LavironFermi LAT collaboration, J. LiFermi LAT collaboration, I. LiodakisFermi LAT collaboration, F. LongoFermi LAT collaboration, F. LoparcoFermi LAT collaboration, L. LorussoFermi LAT collaboration, B. LottFermi LAT collaboration, M. N. LovelletteFermi LAT collaboration, P. LubranoFermi LAT collaboration, S. MalderaFermi LAT collaboration, D. MalyshevFermi LAT collaboration, A. ManfredaFermi LAT collaboration, G. Martí-DevesaFermi LAT collaboration, R. MartinelliFermi LAT collaboration, I. Martinez CastellanosFermi LAT collaboration, M. N. MazziottaFermi LAT collaboration, J. E. McEneryFermi LAT collaboration, I. MereuFermi LAT collaboration, M. MeyerFermi LAT collaboration, P. F. MichelsonFermi LAT collaboration, N. MirabalFermi LAT collaboration, W. MitthumsiriFermi LAT collaboration, T. MizunoFermi LAT collaboration, P. Monti-GuarnieriFermi LAT collaboration, M. E. MonzaniFermi LAT collaboration, T. MorishitaFermi LAT collaboration, A. MorselliFermi LAT collaboration, I. V. MoskalenkoFermi LAT collaboration, M. NegroFermi LAT collaboration, R. NiwaFermi LAT collaboration, N. OmodeiFermi LAT collaboration, M. OrientiFermi LAT collaboration, E. OrlandoFermi LAT collaboration, D. PanequeFermi LAT collaboration, G. PanzariniFermi LAT collaboration, M. PersicFermi LAT collaboration, M. Pesce-RollinsFermi LAT collaboration, V. PetrosianFermi LAT collaboration, R. PilleraFermi LAT collaboration, F. PironFermi LAT collaboration, T. A. PorterFermi LAT collaboration, G. PrincipeFermi LAT collaboration, J. L. RacusinFermi LAT collaboration, S. RainòFermi LAT collaboration, R. RandoFermi LAT collaboration, B. RaniFermi LAT collaboration, M. RazzanoFermi LAT collaboration, S. RazzaqueFermi LAT collaboration, A. ReimerFermi LAT collaboration, O. ReimerFermi LAT collaboration, F. RydeFermi LAT collaboration, M. Sánchez-CondeFermi LAT collaboration, P. M. Saz ParkinsonFermi LAT collaboration, D. SeriniFermi LAT collaboration, C. SgròFermi LAT collaboration, V. SharmaFermi LAT collaboration, E. J. SiskindFermi LAT collaboration, G. SpandreFermi LAT collaboration, P. SpinelliFermi LAT collaboration, D. J. SusonFermi LAT collaboration, H. TajimaFermi LAT collaboration, D. TakFermi LAT collaboration, J. B. ThayerFermi LAT collaboration, D. F. TorresFermi LAT collaboration, J. ValverdeFermi LAT collaboration, G. ZaharijasFermi LAT collaboration, S. LesageFermi GBM collaboration, M. S. BriggsFermi GBM collaboration, E. BurnsFermi GBM collaboration, S. BalaFermi GBM collaboration, P. N. BhatFermi GBM collaboration, W. H. ClevelandFermi GBM collaboration, S. DalessiFermi GBM collaboration, C. de BarraFermi GBM collaboration, M. GibbyFermi GBM collaboration, M. M. GilesFermi GBM collaboration, R. HamburgFermi GBM collaboration, B. A. HristovFermi GBM collaboration, C. M. HuiFermi GBM collaboration, D. KocevskiFermi GBM collaboration, B. MailyanFermi GBM collaboration, C. MalacariaFermi GBM collaboration, S. McBreenFermi GBM collaboration, S. PoolakkilFermi GBM collaboration, O. J. RobertsFermi GBM collaboration, L. ScottonFermi GBM collaboration, P. VeresFermi GBM collaboration, A. von KienlinFermi GBM collaboration, C. A. Wilson-HodgeFermi GBM collaboration, J. WoodFermi GBM collaboration","doi":"arxiv-2409.04580","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of\nGRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst\nemission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10\nMeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been\nobserved in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred\nseconds. It was so bright that we identify a Bad Time Interval (BTI) of 64\nseconds caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays,\nduring which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time\nfraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the\nextrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 seconds suggests\nthat the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that\nhigh-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron\norigin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra\ncomponent identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV\nphoton, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally\nconsistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of\nSSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin\nis uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an\nextremely rare event.","PeriodicalId":501343,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"arXiv - PHYS - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04580","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a Bad Time Interval (BTI) of 64 seconds caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 seconds suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.

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GRB 221009A：闪耀着伽马射线的B.O.A.T爆发

我们对费米大面积望远镜（LAT）探测到的最亮伽马射线暴（GRB）GRB 221009A的数据进行了全面分析。LAT探测到的30MeV以上的爆发系统比触发费米伽玛射线暴监测器（GBM）的低能量（< 10MeV）脉冲早1秒，这在其他伽玛射线暴中也有观察到。GRB 221009A 的激发阶段持续了几百秒。它是如此明亮，以至于我们发现了一个长达64秒的坏时间间隔（Bad Time Interval，BTI），这是由极高的硬X射线和软伽马射线通量造成的，在此期间，事件重建效率很低，死时间分数相当高。晚期发射呈幂律衰减，但对前 450 秒的晚期发射进行的外推法表明，余辉是在早期发射时开始的。我们还发现，LAT 观测到的高能事件与同步加速器起源不符，而更有可能与同步加速器自康普顿（SSC）外成分有关。在GBM触发33 ks后，LAT探测到了一个引人注目的400 GeV光子，其方向与GRB 221009A的位置一致，但很难解释为SSC或TeV电磁级联的产物，其起源过程也不确定。由于GRB 221009A距离很近，能量很高，因此是一个极其罕见的事件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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arXiv - PHYS - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena

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