Novel and classical methods similarly describe variation in territory size among males in Neotropical poison frogs with contrasting reproductive and behavioral strategies

IF 1.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Mileydi Betancourth-Cundar, Adolfo Amézquita, Carlos Daniel Cadena
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Abstract

Territoriality is a form of social dominance concerning the use of space that ensures the territory owner primary access to critical resources. The territory is defended with visual displays, advertisement calls, physical attacks, or chemical signals. The territory is frequently estimated by mapping locations where an animal is observed engaging in territorial behavior or by tracking. However, these approaches may over- or underestimate the areas defended. Thus, the use of approaches explicitly determining defended areas is critical to properly characterize the territory. Intrusion experiments can elicit a response in territory holders, allowing one to characterize their aggressive responses; however, the aggressive response depends on the species. We describe an approach to experimentally estimate the territory size using playback experiments in a species that exhibits a stereotypical phonotactic response: the nurse frog, Allobates aff. trilineatus and develop a new behavioral index that allows assessing territory size in response to playbacks for a species with non-stereotyped phonotactic response: the endangered Lehmann’s poison frog, Oophaga lehmanni. We conducted 772 playback experiments on 18 males of A. aff. trilineatus, and 222 on nine males of O. lehmanni. We analyzed the results of playback experiments with three different area estimators regularly used to estimate space use and evaluated whether these estimates are correlated. The shape and size of territories varied among individuals and estimators in both species. Although we found that the absolute size of the territory depends on the method used, estimates were strongly correlated, meaning that different estimators similarly describe variation in territory size among males. Choosing an analysis method may not be particularly important for studying the characteristics of territoriality over space and time but using a systematic and standardized experimental approach that also incorporates the particularities of the aggressive response of each species is essential to understand the evolution of space use by poison frogs and other territorial species.

Abstract Image

新方法和传统方法同样描述了繁殖和行为策略截然不同的新热带毒蛙雄蛙之间领地大小的变化
领地是一种社会支配形式,涉及空间的使用,确保领地所有者能够获得关键资源。领地是通过视觉展示、广告呼叫、物理攻击或化学信号来捍卫的。估计领地的方法通常是绘制观察到动物有领地行为的地点地图或进行追踪。然而,这些方法可能会高估或低估领地的面积。因此,使用明确确定防御区域的方法对于正确描述领地特征至关重要。入侵实验可以引起领地持有者的反应,从而确定其攻击性反应的特征;但是,攻击性反应取决于物种。我们介绍了一种利用回放实验估算领地大小的方法,该方法适用于具有刻板发音反应的物种:护士蛙(Allobates aff. trilineatus);我们还开发了一种新的行为指数,可评估具有非刻板发音反应的物种(濒危莱曼毒蛙(Oophaga lehmanni))的领地大小。我们对18只雄性A. aff. trilineatus进行了772次回放实验,对9只雄性O. lehmanni进行了222次回放实验。我们用三种常用于估计空间使用的不同面积估算器分析了回放实验的结果,并评估了这些估算值是否相关。在这两个物种中,不同个体和估算者的领地形状和大小都不相同。尽管我们发现领地的绝对面积取决于所使用的方法,但估算值却有很强的相关性,这意味着不同的估算值同样能描述雄性之间领地面积的变化。选择一种分析方法对于研究领地随时间和空间变化的特征可能并不特别重要,但使用一种系统化和标准化的实验方法,同时结合每个物种攻击性反应的特殊性,对于了解毒蛙和其他领地物种空间利用的演变至关重要。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Ecology
Evolutionary Ecology 环境科学-进化生物学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
70
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Ecology is a concept-oriented journal of biological research at the interface of ecology and evolution. We publish papers that therefore integrate both fields of research: research that seeks to explain the ecology of organisms in the context of evolution, or patterns of evolution as explained by ecological processes. The journal publishes original research and discussion concerning the evolutionary ecology of organisms. These may include papers addressing evolutionary aspects of population ecology, organismal interactions and coevolution, behaviour, life histories, communication, morphology, host-parasite interactions and disease ecology, as well as ecological aspects of genetic processes. The objective is to promote the conceptual, theoretical and empirical development of ecology and evolutionary biology; the scope extends to any organism or system. In additional to Original Research articles, we publish Review articles that survey recent developments in the field of evolutionary ecology; Ideas & Perspectives articles which present new points of view and novel hypotheses; and Comments on articles recently published in Evolutionary Ecology or elsewhere. We also welcome New Tests of Existing Ideas - testing well-established hypotheses but with broader data or more methodologically rigorous approaches; - and shorter Natural History Notes, which aim to present new observations of organismal biology in the wild that may provide inspiration for future research. As of 2018, we now also invite Methods papers, to present or review new theoretical, practical or analytical methods used in evolutionary ecology. Students & Early Career Researchers: We particularly encourage, and offer incentives for, submission of Reviews, Ideas & Perspectives, and Methods papers by students and early-career researchers (defined as being within one year of award of a PhD degree) – see Students & Early Career Researchers
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