QED Corrections in Unstable Vacuum

V. A. Zaytsev, V. A. Yerokhin, C. H. Keitel, N. S. Oreshkina
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Abstract

Self-energy and vacuum polarization effects in quantum electrodynamics (QED) are calculated for the supercritical Coulomb field, where Dirac energy levels become embedded in the negative-energy continuum. In this regime, the quantum vacuum becomes unstable, resulting in spontaneous electron-positron pair creation. By calculating the imaginary part of the QED correction, we gain access to an unexplored channel of vacuum instability: radiative spontaneous pair creation. Our results show that this radiative channel is greatly enhanced in the vicinity of the threshold of the supercritical regime, providing evidence for nonperturbative effects with respect to the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. We therefore conjecture that the total probability of spontaneous pair creation could differ significantly from the predictions of Dirac theory, especially near the supercritical threshold.
不稳定真空中的 QED 校正
针对超临界库仑场计算了量子电动力学(QED)中的自能效应和真空极化效应,在超临界库仑场中,狄拉克能级嵌入负能连续体中。在这种情况下,量子真空变得不稳定,导致自发的电子-正电子对产生。通过计算 QED 修正的虚部,我们获得了一个尚未探索的真空不稳定通道:辐射自发电子对产生。我们的结果表明,这一辐射通道在超临界阈值附近被大大增强,为精细结构常数$\alpha$的非扰动效应提供了证据。因此,我们推测自发成对的总概率可能与狄拉克理论的预测有很大不同,尤其是在超临界阈值附近。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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