Simulating the aftermath of Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED) break and flooding of European coast

IF 8.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 Mathematics
Paweł Maczuga, Marcin Łoś, Eirik Valseth, Albert Oliver Serra, Leszek Siwik, Elisabede Alberdi Celaya, Anna Paszyńska, Maciej Paszyński
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED) is a hypothetical project to prevent flooding in European countries following the rising ocean level due to melting arctic glaciers. This project involves the construction of two large dams between Scotland and Norway, as well as England and France. The anticipated cost of this project is 250 to 500 billion euros. In this paper, we present the simulation of the aftermath of flooding on the European coastline caused by a catastrophic break of this hypothetical dam. From our simulation results, we can observe a traveling wave after the accident, with a velocity of approximately 45 kms per hour, raising the sea level permanently inside the dammed region. This observation implies a need to construct additional dams or barriers protecting the Netherlands’ northern coastline and the Baltic Sea’s interior. Our simulations have been obtained using the following building blocks. First, a graph transformation model was applied to generate an adaptive mesh, refined towards the seabed and the seashore topography, approximating the topography of the Earth. We employ the composition graph grammar model to break the mesh’s triangular elements without generating hanging nodes. Second, the wave equation is formulated in a spherical latitude-longitude system of coordinates and solved by a high-order time integration scheme using the generalized \(\alpha\) method. While our paper mainly focuses on the simulation of the NEED dam break, we also provide a stand-alone tool to generate an adaptive mesh of the whole Earth. We can use our software as a stand-alone package in FEniCS or other simulation software.

Abstract Image

模拟北欧封闭水坝(NEED)决堤和欧洲海岸洪水泛滥的后果
北欧封闭大坝(NEED)是一个假想项目,旨在防止欧洲国家因北极冰川融化导致海平面上升而发生洪灾。该项目包括在苏格兰和挪威以及英格兰和法国之间建造两座大型水坝。该项目预计耗资 2,500 亿至 5,000 亿欧元。在本文中,我们将模拟这一假想大坝发生灾难性断裂后欧洲海岸线洪水泛滥的后果。从模拟结果中,我们可以观察到事故发生后的行波,其速度约为每小时 45 公里,使大坝区域内的海平面永久性地升高。这意味着有必要建造更多的大坝或屏障来保护荷兰北部海岸线和波罗的海内部。我们的模拟是通过以下构建模块实现的。首先,应用图转换模型生成自适应网格,并根据海床和海岸地形进行细化,以近似地球地形。我们采用组成图语法模型来打破网格的三角形元素,而不会产生悬挂节点。其次,我们在球形经纬度坐标系中建立了波方程,并采用广义 \(α\) 方法的高阶时间积分方案进行求解。虽然我们的论文主要关注 NEED 大坝断裂的模拟,但我们也提供了一个独立的工具来生成整个地球的自适应网格。我们可以将我们的软件作为 FEniCS 或其他仿真软件的独立软件包使用。
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来源期刊
Engineering with Computers
Engineering with Computers 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
16.50
自引率
2.30%
发文量
203
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: Engineering with Computers is an international journal dedicated to simulation-based engineering. It features original papers and comprehensive reviews on technologies supporting simulation-based engineering, along with demonstrations of operational simulation-based engineering systems. The journal covers various technical areas such as adaptive simulation techniques, engineering databases, CAD geometry integration, mesh generation, parallel simulation methods, simulation frameworks, user interface technologies, and visualization techniques. It also encompasses a wide range of application areas where engineering technologies are applied, spanning from automotive industry applications to medical device design.
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