Canine Breast Carcinomas: Recent Advances in Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies

Abstract

Breast cancer in canines is one of the leading causes of death globally due to client misinterpretation and improper diagnosis and treatment. In past centuries, the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma in dogs followed conventional techniques adopted from human oncology. However, with increasing demand and scientific advancements in the upcoming future, there is an emerging necessity to modernize the diagnostic and treatments in canine breast cancer (CBC) patients. This review explores recent advances in diagnostic techniques and novel therapeutic approaches such as adjuvant-based targeted therapy, nanomaterial therapy, immune-based therapy, adoptive cell therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virotherapy, and the use of noncoding RNAs in CBCs. In addition, the review discusses the healthcare policies aimed at improving diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy and future directions for translation from human oncology into veterinary oncology. By adopting these modern strategies, the quality of care can be significantly enhanced by translating them into practical applications with better outcomes and improved survival rates for canine patients.