Are aeolian ichnofacies distinctive and useful? An analysis of trace fossil assemblages from Cretaceous aeolian facies in northern Patagonia, Argentina

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Ricardo N. Melchor , Mariano Perez , Aldo M. Umazano
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Abstract

In this paper, Cretaceous trace fossil assemblages are reported from aeolian facies within four units from Patagonia, Argentina, to evaluate the usefulness of the aeolian ichnofacies concept. From oldest to youngest, studied units comprise the Agrio (Valanginian-Hauterivian), Cerro Barcino (Aptian-Cenomanian), Candeleros (Cenomanian), and Allen (Campanian-Maastrichtian) formations. Twenty one ichnotaxa were recorded, including ten of invertebrate origin (Archaeonassa fossulata, Arenicolites tenuis, Beaconites isp., Digitichnus laminatus, Edaphichnium lumbricatum, cf. Octopodichnus isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Skolithos linearis, Taenidium barretti, and an unidentified arthropod trackway), seven tetrapod footprints and burrows (Avipeda isp., Brasilichnium isp., cf. Chelonipus isp., Reniformichnus katikatii, two types of indeterminate footprints, and burrow fills) and four rhizolith types. Entradichnus meniscus (formerly used as eponym of an aeolian ichnofacies) is considered a junior synonym of Taenidium barretti. Common ichnotaxa in aeolian and fluvial sequences like Taenidium barretti, Skolithos linearis and Palaeophycus tubularis are facies-crossing ichnotaxa and should not be used to distinguish ichnofacies. Trace fossil assemblages and ichnofabrics from aeolian dune, dry interdune and wet interdune facies are interpreted in terms of the potential producers and their palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental constraints. This procedure is more informative than the ichnofacies approach in aeolian deposits. Based on a literature review of 32 examples of trace fossil assemblages from Cretaceous aeolian sequences worldwide, we conclude that the most distinctive ichnotaxa occur in aeolian dunes, including Brasilichnium, Farlowichnus, lacertoid footprints, Octopodichnus and Paleohelcura. It is recommended to abandon the usage of the Chelichnus, Entradichnus and Entradichnus-Octopodichnus ichnofacies, which are poorly defined in terms of recurrence and environmental significance or based on uncharacteristic or unavailable ichnotaxa. We propose a new definition of the Octopodichnus ichnofacies, diagnosed by the presence of subequant tetrapod footprints in quadrupedal trackways and/or selected arachnid /insect trackways. This ichnofacies is a taphofacies recorded from the Permian to the Cretaceous, and probably extends to the Cenozoic.

Abstract Image

风化岩层具有独特性和实用性吗?阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚北部白垩纪风化层痕量化石组合分析
本文报告了阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚四个单元中风化层的白垩纪痕量化石组合,以评估风化层ichnofacies概念的实用性。从最古老到最年轻,所研究的单元包括 Agrio(瓦朗基元-豪特里维元)、Cerro Barcino(中元-震旦纪)、Candeleros(震旦纪)和 Allen(坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特)地层。共记录了 21 个ichnotaxa,其中 10 个来自无脊椎动物(Archaeonassa fossulata、Arenicolites tenuis、Beaconites isp.、Digitichnus laminatus、Edaphichnium lumbricatum、cf. Octopodichnus isp、Palaeophycus tubularis、Skolithos linearis、Taenidium barretti 和一个未确定的节肢动物足迹)、7 个四足动物足迹和洞穴(Avipeda isp.、Brasilichnium isp.、cf. Chelonipus isp.、Reniformichnus katikatii、两种不确定的足迹和洞穴填充物)以及 4 种根状石。Entradichnus meniscus(以前曾被用作一种风化岩层的外来名称)被认为是 Taenidium barretti 的初级异名。在风积层和河积层中常见的类群,如Taenidium barretti、Skolithos linearis和Palaeophycus tubularis,都是面交类群,不应用来区分类群。对来自风化沙丘、干沙丘间和湿沙丘间岩层的微量化石群和ichnofabrics,从潜在生产者及其古生态学和古环境制约因素的角度进行了解释。在风化沉积中,这种方法比ichnofacies方法更有参考价值。根据对世界范围内白垩纪风积层中 32 个痕量化石群实例的文献回顾,我们得出结论:最具特色的痕量化石群出现在风积层沙丘中,包括 Brasilichnium、Farlowichnus、lacertoid footprints、Octopodichnus 和 Paleohelcura。建议摒弃 Chelichnus、Entradichnus 和 Entradichnus-Octopodichnus ichnofacies 的用法,因为它们在重现性和环境意义方面定义不清,或基于无特征或不可用的ichnotaxa。我们对 Octopodichnus ichnofacies 提出了一个新的定义,即在四足动物足迹和/或选定的蛛形纲/昆虫足迹中出现亚等长的四足动物足迹,即可诊断为 Octopodichnus ichnofacies。这种生物群落是二叠纪到白垩纪的一种层状生物群落,可能一直延续到新生代。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
10.00%
发文量
398
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is an international medium for the publication of high quality and multidisciplinary, original studies and comprehensive reviews in the field of palaeo-environmental geology. The journal aims at bringing together data with global implications from research in the many different disciplines involved in palaeo-environmental investigations. By cutting across the boundaries of established sciences, it provides an interdisciplinary forum where issues of general interest can be discussed.
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