Co-creating multimodal transportation hubs in Switzerland: How to close the gap between actors across different scales, levels, and sectors

Philippe Stadler Benz, Michael Stauffacher
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Abstract

Transforming railway stations and their surroundings into multimodal transportation hubs (MMTHs) involves numerous actors at different scales and from different economic sectors and levels of government. Successful transformations offer a wide range of benefits to sustainable development, including increased public transportation use and mixed-use, high-density station districts. Intensive collaboration and, ideally, co-creation are critical to achieving these outcomes through MMTHs; however, orchestrating all involved actors is challenging and requires supporting methods, and the knowledge required to develop and refine methods is scarce and rarely subjected to systematic analysis. Based on 15 semistructured interviews and two design thinking workshops attended by 13 and 20 MMTH experts, our study shows that the challenges of co-creating MMTHs relate not only to professional matters but also to managing collaboration and implementation among a large number of actors with various roles and interests. In this paper, we develop design guidelines for reviewing and evaluating two current methods and a prototypical method (the functional model) with the goal of identifying potential improvements and supporting MMTH co-creation in Switzerland. These guidelines cover the broad spectrum of co-creation activities, from organization and design collaboration with relevant actors to the development of a shared vision to support financing and the planning process. The functional model encompasses many aspects of the design guidelines and closes gaps between actors across different scales, economic sectors, and governmental levels. Due to the relatively low effort involved, the method can be repeated as needed throughout MMTH development, which often takes several years. Our study demonstrates that existing MMTH co-creation methods require improvement, and the design guidelines developed here suit this purpose. Our work thus contributes to the further development of MMTH co-creation methods, ultimately supporting sustainable development such as CO2 emission reduction and responsible land use.

在瑞士共同创建多式联运枢纽:如何缩小不同规模、级别和部门的参与者之间的差距
将火车站及其周边地区改造成多式联运枢纽(MMTH)涉及不同规模、不同经济部门和各级政府的众多参与者。成功的改造可为可持续发展带来广泛的益处,包括提高公共交通的使用率以及建设多功能、高密度的车站区。密集合作以及理想情况下的共同创造对于通过多功能交通枢纽实现这些成果至关重要;然而,协调所有参与方具有挑战性,需要辅助方法,而且开发和完善方法所需的知识非常稀缺,很少进行系统分析。我们的研究基于 15 个半结构式访谈和两次设计思维研讨会,分别有 13 名和 20 名医学培训和保健专家参加,结果表明,共同创建医学培训和保健所面临的挑战不仅涉及专业问题,还涉及管理具有不同角色和利益的大量参与者之间的合作和实施。在本文中,我们制定了设计指南,用于审查和评估当前的两种方法和一种原型方法(功能模型),目的是确定潜在的改进措施,支持瑞士的产妇保健共同创建工作。这些指导方针涵盖了广泛的共同创造活动,从与相关参与者的组织和设计合作,到制定共同愿景以支持融资和规划过程。功能模型涵盖了设计指南的许多方面,缩小了不同规模、经济部门和政府层面的参与者之间的差距。由于所需的工作量相对较小,在整个 MMTH 开发过程中,该方法可根据需要重复使用,而整个开发过程通常需要数年时间。我们的研究表明,现有的 MMTH 共同创造方法需要改进,而这里制定的设计指南正符合这一目的。因此,我们的工作有助于进一步开发 MMTH 共同创造方法,最终支持可持续发展,如减少二氧化碳排放和负责任地使用土地。
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