Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.

IF 27.7 1区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular Cancer Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1186/s12943-024-02105-9

Shengnan Yu, Xudong Yao

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in children and young adults. Limited progress has been made in improving the survival outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma over the past four decades. Especially in metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma, the survival rate is extremely unsatisfactory. The treatment of osteosarcoma urgently needs breakthroughs. In recent years, immunotherapy has achieved good therapeutic effects in various solid tumors. Due to the low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of osteosarcoma, immunotherapy has not yet been approved in osteosarcoma patients. However, immune-based therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and bispecfic antibodies are in active clinical development. In addition, other immunotherapy strategies including modified-NK cells/macrophages, DC vaccines, and cytokines are still in the early stages of research, but they will be hot topics for future study. In this review, we showed the functions of cell components including tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing cells in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma, and summarized the preclinical and clinical research results of various immunotherapy strategies in osteosarcoma, hoping to provide new ideas for future research in this field.

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骨肉瘤免疫疗法的进展。

骨肉瘤是儿童和年轻人最常见的原发性骨癌。过去四十年来，在改善骨肉瘤患者生存率方面取得的进展有限。尤其是转移性或复发性骨肉瘤的生存率极不理想。骨肉瘤的治疗亟待突破。近年来，免疫疗法在各种实体瘤中取得了良好的治疗效果。由于骨肉瘤的低免疫原性和免疫抑制微环境，免疫疗法尚未被批准用于骨肉瘤患者。不过，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞和双抗体在内的免疫疗法正在积极的临床开发中。此外，其他免疫疗法策略包括改良 NK 细胞/巨噬细胞、DC 疫苗和细胞因子等仍处于早期研究阶段，但它们将是未来研究的热点。在这篇综述中，我们展示了骨肉瘤肿瘤微环境中促瘤细胞和抑瘤细胞等细胞成分的功能，并总结了各种免疫治疗策略在骨肉瘤中的临床前和临床研究成果，希望能为今后该领域的研究提供新思路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

54.90

自引率

2.70%

发文量

224

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Cancer is a platform that encourages the exchange of ideas and discoveries in the field of cancer research, particularly focusing on the molecular aspects. Our goal is to facilitate discussions and provide insights into various areas of cancer and related biomedical science. We welcome articles from basic, translational, and clinical research that contribute to the advancement of understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The scope of topics covered in Molecular Cancer is diverse and inclusive. These include, but are not limited to, cell and tumor biology, angiogenesis, utilizing animal models, understanding metastasis, exploring cancer antigens and the immune response, investigating cellular signaling and molecular biology, examining epidemiology, genetic and molecular profiling of cancer, identifying molecular targets, studying cancer stem cells, exploring DNA damage and repair mechanisms, analyzing cell cycle regulation, investigating apoptosis, exploring molecular virology, and evaluating vaccine and antibody-based cancer therapies. Molecular Cancer serves as an important platform for sharing exciting discoveries in cancer-related research. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to communicate information to both specialists and the general public. The online presence of Molecular Cancer enables immediate publication of accepted articles and facilitates the presentation of large datasets and supplementary information. This ensures that new research is efficiently and rapidly disseminated to the scientific community.