Clinical Characteristics, Serotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance of Invasive Salmonella Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Hangzhou, China, 2012-2023.

Abstract

Purpose: Developing countries, invasive Salmonella infections can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a relative lack of data on coinfection with Salmonella in HIV-infected patients in Hangzhou, China.

Patients and methods: In this study, we manually collected case data of patients aged >18 years with HIV combined with invasive Salmonella infections admitted to Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou from January 2012 to August 2023 by logging into the Hospital Information System, and identified 26 strains of invasive Salmonella using a fully automated microbiological identification system and mass spectrometer. Serotypes were determined using Salmonella diagnostic sera based on the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme. Drug sensitivity tests were performed using the automated instrumental method of the MIC method.

Results: A total of 26 HIV-infected patients with invasive Salmonella coinfections were identified over 11 years; Twenty-five of the 26 patients (96.2%) were males, with a mean age of 33.5 years (26.75, 46.75). The most common type of infection was bloodstream infection (92.3%). One patient also had concomitant meningitis and osteoarthritis, followed by pneumonia (7.7%). The presence of multiple bacterial infections or even multiple opportunistic pathogens was clearly established in 7 (26.9%) patients. Three (11.6%) patients were automatically discharged from the hospital with deterioration of their condition, and one (3.8%) patient died. Salmonella enteritidis was the most common serotype in 6 patients (23.2%), and Salmonella Dublin was the most common serotype in 6 patients (23.2%). Drug sensitivity results revealed multidrug resistance in a total of 8 (30.8%) patients.

Conclusion: The clinical presentation of invasive Salmonella infection in HIV patients is nonspecific and easily masked by other mixed infections. A CD4⁺ count <100 cells/µL and comorbid intestinal lesions may be important susceptibility factors. Salmonella has a high rate of resistance to common antibiotics, and the risk of multidrug resistance should not be ignored.