20 Years of Clinical Evolution in Zygomatic Implant Rehabilitation: Long-Term Outcomes and Current States.

Abstract

Zygoma implants are an alternative for rehabilitating severe maxillary atrophy. Since 2004, when Prof. Branemark first reported the long-term findings on zygomatic implants using the original intra-sinus approach, various surgical techniques have been introduced. In 2006, an anatomy-guided approach was developed, applying different implant trajectories based on alveolar atrophy levels and sinus concavity. The purpose of this review is to clarify the existing techniques and long-term outcomes of ZI rehabilitation over the past 20 years. Additionally, it aims to enhance the quality of current practices and identify gaps in the understanding of ZI treatment for future studies.