Emerging roles of liquid-liquid phase separation in liver innate immunity.

IF 8.2 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Cell Communication and Signaling Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1186/s12964-024-01787-4

Xinying Zhang, Ziyue Yang, Chunmeng Fu, Run Yao, Huan Li, Fang Peng, Ning Li

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Abstract

Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have become an extensive mechanism of macromolecular metabolism and biochemical reactions in cells. Large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids will spontaneously aggregate and assemble into droplet-like structures driven by LLPS when the physical and chemical properties of cells are altered. LLPS provides a mature molecular platform for innate immune response, which tightly regulates key signaling in liver immune response spatially and physically, including DNA and RNA sensing pathways, inflammasome activation, and autophagy. Take this, LLPS plays a promoting or protecting role in a range of liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, autoimmune liver disease, and liver cancer. This review systematically describes the whole landscape of LLPS in liver innate immunity. It will help us to guide a better-personalized approach to LLPS-targeted immunotherapy for liver diseases.

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液-液相分离在肝脏先天性免疫中的新作用

液-液相分离（LLPS）形成的生物分子凝聚物已成为细胞内大分子代谢和生化反应的广泛机制。当细胞的物理和化学性质发生改变时，蛋白质和核酸等大分子会在 LLPS 的驱动下自发聚集并组装成液滴状结构。LLPS 为先天性免疫反应提供了一个成熟的分子平台，它从空间和物理上严格调控肝脏免疫反应中的关键信号，包括 DNA 和 RNA 传感途径、炎性体激活和自噬。因此，LLPS 在病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪肝、肝纤维化、肝缺血再灌注损伤、自身免疫性肝病和肝癌等一系列肝病中发挥着促进或保护作用。这篇综述系统地描述了 LLPS 在肝脏先天性免疫中的全貌。它将帮助我们为肝病的 LLPS 靶向免疫疗法提供更个性化的指导。

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来源期刊

Cell Communication and Signaling CELL BIOLOGY-

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

180

期刊介绍： Cell Communication and Signaling (CCS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal that focuses on cellular signaling pathways in both normal and pathological conditions. It publishes original research, reviews, and commentaries, welcoming studies that utilize molecular, morphological, biochemical, structural, and cell biology approaches. CCS also encourages interdisciplinary work and innovative models, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, to facilitate investigations of cell signaling pathways, networks, and behavior. Starting from January 2019, CCS is proud to announce its affiliation with the International Cell Death Society. The journal now encourages submissions covering all aspects of cell death, including apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms, cell death in model systems, autophagy, clearance of dying cells, and the immunological and pathological consequences of dying cells in the tissue microenvironment.

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