Layla Ben Ayed, Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Panagiotis Karanis
{"title":"Waterborne <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species and <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in resources of MENA: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Layla Ben Ayed, Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.107","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores our understanding of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species and <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> distribution in Middle East and North African (MENA) water resources. Results emphasize that <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species (sp.) and <i>G. duodenalis</i> (oo)cysts are present in distinct categories of water in ten MENA countries. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. proportional prevalence in the MENA region was 24.5% (95% CI 16.3-33.8), while <i>G</i>. <i>duodenalis</i> prevalence was 37.7% (95% CI 21.9-55.1). Raw wastewater and surface water were the water categories most significantly impacted. Both parasites were reported in the various types of MENA drinking waters. The most frequent species/genotypes reported were <i>C. hominis</i>, <i>C. parvum</i>, and <i>G. duodenalis</i> assemblage A. Despite the high prevalence of (oo)cysts reported, we should consider the absence of waterborne outbreaks. This indicates significant underestimation and underreporting of both parasites in MENA. Stakeholders should apply water contamination legislation to eradicate <i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. and <i>G. duodenalis</i> (oo)cysts from water resources/categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 8","pages":"1491-1515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of water and health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.107","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This review explores our understanding of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia duodenalis distribution in Middle East and North African (MENA) water resources. Results emphasize that Cryptosporidium species (sp.) and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts are present in distinct categories of water in ten MENA countries. Cryptosporidium sp. proportional prevalence in the MENA region was 24.5% (95% CI 16.3-33.8), while G. duodenalis prevalence was 37.7% (95% CI 21.9-55.1). Raw wastewater and surface water were the water categories most significantly impacted. Both parasites were reported in the various types of MENA drinking waters. The most frequent species/genotypes reported were C. hominis, C. parvum, and G. duodenalis assemblage A. Despite the high prevalence of (oo)cysts reported, we should consider the absence of waterborne outbreaks. This indicates significant underestimation and underreporting of both parasites in MENA. Stakeholders should apply water contamination legislation to eradicate Cryptosporidium sp. and G. duodenalis (oo)cysts from water resources/categories.
这篇综述探讨了我们对中东和北非（MENA）水资源中隐孢子虫和杜氏贾第鞭毛虫分布情况的了解。结果表明，在中东和北非十个国家的不同类别的水源中都存在隐孢子虫（孢子虫）和杜氏贾第鞭毛虫（呜）囊蚴。中东和北非地区的隐孢子虫比例感染率为 24.5%（95% CI 16.3-33.8），而 G. duodenalis 感染率为 37.7%（95% CI 21.9-55.1）。原废水和地表水是受影响最严重的水类。中东和北非地区的各类饮用水中都有这两种寄生虫的报道。尽管报告的（卵）囊虫感染率很高，但我们应该考虑到没有发生水传播的疫情。这表明中东和北非地区对这两种寄生虫的估计和报告严重不足。利益相关者应适用水污染立法，以消除水资源/类别中的隐孢子虫和十二指肠球虫（oo）囊蚴。
期刊介绍：
Journal of Water and Health is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the dissemination of information on the health implications and control of waterborne microorganisms and chemical substances in the broadest sense for developing and developed countries worldwide. This is to include microbial toxins, chemical quality and the aesthetic qualities of water.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
